Case Study 1: Generative Software Development

Case Study 1: Generative Software Development Advanced Software Engineering –CIS 518 February 17, 2013 Case Study 1: Generative Software Development Generative software development is a development that permits products to be produced automatically through different specifications. This type of development happens in two phases the first phase consist of the domain engineers developing the product down to generating the software mechanisms. Once development is completed, then each individual product is produced.The normal software development process would normally consist of several different models that have a particular set of task that have to be set forth during a certain point during the process. The software development process happens over a series of activities and depending on the development model will determine what activities will take place at any given time during the process verse the Generative software development happens in two phases with specifications tha t are already determined at the start of the development.Developing generative software would benefit an organization because this allows for automation to software development. Many companies develop software but it is so generic and takes intense processes where the whole software is based on coding from scratch which can be possibly be used by any software. With the use of languages like FORTRAN and C will have less of an impact of the software quality and the length and speed of the development will not be effected (Iseger, 2010). Moving toward automation will give developers more room to come up with software solutions and the complier with automatically produce lower assemblers.This would streamline the organizations software with less downtime, easier maintenance and convert everything to an automated system. With the use of generative software development would save developers time in the end from having to redevelop codes from scratch which risk defects because of incorrect coding etc. The challenges that would be faced with implementing the generative software development process in organization would be to ensure that all software and systems could be integrated and automated without any delays or downtime.There would also be a problem with saving old data that is not used any longer saving and archiving information without the loss of any data during the transfer. Making sure that the development team understands the new process and how the implementation will take place. These challenges will be easy to overcome first thing would be to test as much as possible before implementation to try and catch any errors that may come up and make sure all of the developers are using and coding the new application with the desired language that was chosen for the application.Also having a back place to store the data before integrating the data so that just in case the data is lost during the implementation there is a back-up location to access any of the orga nizations data. Developer will had had several training sessions on the new process and there will be at least three meeting a week during implementation to ensure everyone is on the same page and to make sure that the process is running smoothly to have a successful implementation.The generative software development process might be applied to an organizations development process to quickly automate the system and create a streamline of applications that work and can be integrated without several phases to follow before implementation can occur. This can be used for organizations that are looking to automate all of their data and system applications to increase productivity enhance the security, provide data back up and data storage.The organization can use the Domain Specific Modelling, which is an approach that applies generative programming in order to improve the software applications development quality and boost the developer productivity. The move towards 3GL is the key to a chieving 400% productivity (Iseger, 2010). The first step to the use of DSM is to identify the solution and come up with a illustration by using critical thinking and relating the problem to the domain. However, the use of a UML is most commonly used to provide a full model solution.Creating a visual depiction of the application model provides a blue print of the software application which programmers can use these specifications but now in the programming language. When creating the application the use of programming concepts by raising the level of abstractions will help with developing the system concept. The Organization can create the system specifications by using the concepts and rules based on the company’s products produced. Creating the application in the concept of using domains verse classes enhances the applications speed and makes it much easier to develop.This will allow the application to be more streamlined to the data and make it easier program as a whole. C reating classes all of the data has to somehow link together for the classes to retrieve the correct data but the use of DSM will eliminate that. References Iseger, M. (2010, July 23). Domain-specific modeling for generative software development. Retrieved from http://www. developerfusion. com/article/84844/domainspecific-modeling-for-generative-software-development/ Lawerence Pfleeger, S. (2010). Software engineering. (4th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

Constructions Of Working Class Masculinity English Literature Essay

â€Å" In recent old ages sociologists have been shocked to detect that blue-collar work forces really spend far more clip with their kids that their professional coevalss, and experience far less threatened by the additions of feminism. ( This is likely because, as DH Lawrence pointed out a long clip ago, the working categories are surer of themselves sexually ) . Propertyless work forces make natural male parents in a manner that other work forces, obsessed with position and calling promotion, merely do non. In Beckham ‘s relentless beauty, ne'er more compete than when looking at his boy, we seem to see all that work forces could be- that stamina and that tenderness combined without struggle or cruelty- if merely they stopped seeking to command everything so much, if they stopped worrying for five proceedingss about looking soft † ( Julie Birchill on David Beckham in The Guardian ) . Masculinity is frequently determined by a adult male ‘s physical visual aspect and how brave they are ; physical strength and following a epic nature is therefore necessary to stand up for oneself and support 1s household. Many of the work forces in working category literature execute manual labor, such as excavation or working in a mill, in order to supply a life for their household. In contrast, although it become more frequent for adult females to work during and after the Second World War, work forces did non adhere to this function reversal, and assisting out domestically was non something which they carried out. Richard Hoggart suggests that many adult females would non desire their hubbies to lend to the domestic jobs, despite their ain heavy work load, â€Å" for fright he is thought womanish † ( 35 ) . Furthermore, Hoggart asserts that working-class male childs shortly get the sense that â€Å" it ‘s different for work forces † and accordingly they contribute less to household care than their sisters ( 36 ) . And though a cause for concern, these â€Å" unsmooth male childs are frequently admired ; the head-shaking over them is every bit proud as it is contrite — ‘ [ H ] vitamin E ‘s a existent chap ‘ people say † . Therefore, although work forces must be married in order to to the full accomplish their maleness, they must besides continually emphasize their heterosexualism, doing certain to ever act in the right mode for their gender. Alan Sillitoe ‘s ‘Saturday Night and Sunday Morning ‘ conveys maleness chiefly through Arthur Seaton ‘s averment of his heterosexualism seen through his intervention of adult females and heavy imbibing, yet besides through his ambivalent mentality on matrimony. Arthur Seaton appears to contemn the thought of matrimony, naming it ‘the dizzy and unsought threshold of snake pit ‘ ( 156 ) , yet he loves disbursement clip with Brenda and entertaining her kids, and by the terminal of the novel, with Doreen, ‘they spoke of acquiring married in three months. ‘ ( 217 ) Arthur, nevertheless, is highly judgemental towards other work forces, ‘Arthur classified hubbies into two chief classs: those that looked after their married womans, and those that were slow. ‘ ( ? ) He says this as if to warrant his matter with Brenda ; Jack must be slow and therefore non worthy to be Brenda ‘s hubby. Arthur believes the ‘slow ‘ hub bies to be less masculine ; they are incapable of delighting their married womans, which is why their married womans are finally unpatriotic, ‘There was something lacking in them, non like a adult male with one leg that could in no manner be put right, but something that they, the slow hubbies, could easy rectify if they became less selfish, brightened up their thoughts, and looked after their married womans a bit better ‘ ( 41? ) . Ironically it appears that the less masculine hubby is less attentive to his married woman ‘s emotional demands. A farther sarcasm is evident when Arthur states that despite his utilizing Brenda and making incorrect, ‘If I of all time acquire married, he thought, and have a married woman that carries on like Brenda and Winnie carry on, I ‘ll give her the biggest gluing any adult female of all time had. I ‘d kill her. My married woman ‘ll hold to look after any childs I fill her with, maintain the house spotless. And if she ‘s good at that I might allow her travel to the images now and once more and take her out for a drink on Saturday. ‘ ( 145 ) This scene clearly depicts Arthur as the alpha-male. He wants to take control, and when he does hold a married woman, he is certain she will make as she is told. Furthermore, he is egotistic and indurate, particularly when he states, ‘Brenda was n't deserving the problem he ‘d been through to maintain her ‘ ( 145 ) , despite the fact it was his mistake she got pregnant, and his determination to trans port on the matter whilst cognizing she was married, which conveys Arthur ‘s irresponsible and barbarous nature. Arthur invariably acts how he wants ; ever taking to move as a ‘man ‘ , when truly, he is portrayed as objectionable and petroleum. We are introduced to Arthur ‘s stereotyped manfully physique early into the novel where he is depicted as a ‘tall, iron-faced, crop-haired young person ‘ ( 34? ) . The usage of the word ‘iron ‘ makes him sound tough, about unbreakable, and this becomes evident in the novel through his difficult imbibing and the battles he gets into. Arthur ‘s maleness is asserted from the gap of the novel, through his description of ‘crafty weaponries around female waists ‘ , conveying his involvement in adult females from the start of the novel. His manfulness is conveyed through his imbibing wonts besides, and the initial rhyme used on the phrases ‘best and bingiest ‘ and ‘piled-up passions ‘ ( 9 ) emphasises Arthur ‘s exhilaration that it is the weekend and he can imbibe more than usual, whilst adding a conversational tone. The colloquialism besides creates a welcoming tone to the gap of the novel, which encourages us to ab initio warm to Arthur as a character. The exhilaration in this gap chapter is starkly contrasted to the humdrum of Arthur ‘s workplace, ‘a hebdomad ‘s humdrum transplant in the mill was swilled out of your system in a explosion of good will ‘ . The apposition within this sentence clearly shows Arthur ‘s grasp of his weekends and the sibilance in the latter half of the sentence conveys a tone of felicity and relaxation since this is his clip to rest. Furthermore, the ‘slow-turning Big Wheel of the twelvemonth ‘ high spots the sense of humdrum and it mirrors the cyclical construction of working category life. The gap to the novel besides introduces Arthur take parting in a imbibing competition with a crewman. It is both the ability to imbibe and the component of competition that are stressed in this peculiar episode, ‘It seemed an even competition for a long clip, as if they would sit at that place sloping it back for of all time, until Loudmouth all of a sudden went green halfway through the 10th pint ‘ ( 11 ) .Arthur ‘s successful achievement in both can be read as an avowal of hegemonic maleness. In contrast to Arthur ‘s imbibing being associated with maleness, in Walter Greenwood ‘s novel, ‘Love on the Dole ‘ , imbibing appears by the way instead than conspicuously. The fresh condemns Ned Narkey for his inebriation and leads us to dislike his character. For illustration, when Ned confronts Sally about why she will non get married him, he states, ‘ah ‘ll mek certain that that chicken rat up street do n't either†¦ non if Ah have t ‘ swing for him ‘ , mentioning to Larry Meath. His bibulous province nowadayss him as unstable, and we do non desire him to be with any adult female. ( 145 ) . Furthermore, when he sees Sam Grundy speaking to Sally after he has had a few drinks, his violent nature is conveyed and we see the negative consequence which imbibing has on him, ‘Blind hatred and enviousness dominated him ; his urge was to snap at Grundy ‘s pharynx, fling him to the floor and kick his encephalons out. ‘ ( 188 ) . This perceptual experience of maleness is criticised and his aggressive linguistic communication is non applauded, contrasting to the light-heartedness of Arthur ‘s imbibing competition in ‘Saturday Night and Sunday Morning ‘ . Furthermore, in ‘Love on the Dole ‘ , Mr. Hardcastle ‘s opposition to ‘the enticement to travel drown concern and wretchedness in drink ‘ ( 94 ) is praised, which highlights that the more manful pick in this instance is non traveling down to the saloon to acquire rummy ; Mr. Hardcastle understands this will do no difference to his state of affairs. Therefore, in order to be manfully is to back up 1s household, which can non be achieved through heavy imbibing. Similar to Greenwood, George Orwell does non commend imbibing through his novel, ‘The Road to Wigan Pier ‘ , and decides non to include it at all. B. Clarke observes that Orwell, â€Å" Does non reproduce images of inebriation and force † which appear in Sillitoe ‘s, ‘Saturday Night and Sunday Morning ‘ . This elevates the mineworkers ‘ position and conveys their maleness in a different visible radiation. They are still physically powerful, yet Orwell presents them as non experiencing the demand to asseverate their manfulness through difficult imbibing, purposefully giving the mineworkers, who are stand foring the working category, a â€Å" stable individuality † . A farther building of maleness in ‘Saturday Night and Sunday Morning ‘ is the gallant nature of Sam ; he is masculine in a different manner to the other working category work forces in the novel since he does non utilize aggression or vulgar linguistic communication. His physical visual aspect is described as ‘a compact Black with a composure, intelligent face ‘ ( 191 ) which juxtaposes the old description of Arthur as holding a face every bit hard as Fe. Furthermore, he is ‘dressed in a well-pressed khaki ‘ ( 192 ) demoing how he takes pride in his visual aspect. Sam besides contrasts Arthur in his attack to hard state of affairss, for illustration, when a battle is about to get down when they go to the saloon for a drink, Arthur accidently spills a little sum of beer on a adult female when he is go throughing the drinks over, and when her hubby intervenes, ‘Arthur clenched his fists, ready to nail him ‘ . ( 194 ) Therefore, he sees fo rce as the reply, whereas Sam calmly states, ‘what ‘s the affair? ‘ ( 194 ) conveying how he is polite and well-spoken ; unlike Arthur, Sam uses fluency over force. Labor is made up of either physical work in the mill or office work ; the former bears associations with the working category whilst the latter with the in-between category. For illustration, the working category figure of Harry Hardcastle in Walter Greenwood ‘s ‘Love on the Dole ‘ despises his work as a clerk at the pawn store chiefly because he views being ‘a mere thruster of pens ‘ ( 21 ) as holding feminine intensions. Therefore, in-between category work was considered as effeminate, intending working category work forces who worked in offices were non considered every bit masculine as those who worked in manual, physical labor. This is contrasted to Harry ‘s dream of working at Marlowe ‘s, which he describes as ‘majestic, impressive†¦ tremendous technology works†¦ with work forces, engaged in work forces ‘s work ‘ ( 19 ) . Greenwood ‘s huge scope of adjectives used to depict Marlowe ‘s are all what Harry aspires to be, and he associates these descriptions with being a existent adult male. Similarly, George Orwell, through his novel, ‘The Road to Wigan Pier ‘ makes the physical work of the mineworkers appear really manfully, and as B. Clarke observes, Orwell, â€Å" insists that mineworkers are bound together partially by their attachment to a traditional signifier of maleness founded on manual labor, physical bravery, and endurance † . Orwell therefore praises these work forces ‘s masculine qualities, such as their physical bravery, endurance and solidarity. He appears really passionate about the work they do, portraying them as heroic, saying that excavation is a ‘Superhuman occupation ‘ ( 19 ) . Many of the work forces died whilst making their occupation, and Orwell presents the dangers of excavation through his narrative ; therefore underscoring the issue sing the development of the working categories. In contrast to the great regard we form for the mineworkers in ‘The Road to Wigan Pier, through ‘Saturday Night and Sunday Morning ‘ , we develop a deficiency of regard for Arthur ‘s hedonic attitude towards his societal position ‘And so it was possible to bury the mill, whether inside it sudating and striving your musculuss by a machine, or whether sloping ale in a saloon†¦ the mill did non affair. The mill could travel on working until it blew itself up from excessively much velocity ‘ . The initial rhyme on ‘sweating/straining/ ‘ and muscles/machine ‘ are all words connected with physical work, underscoring Arthur ‘s maleness. Although his statement about his work-place non counting seems careless, Arthur ‘s warmer side becomes evident when he juxtaposes this to things which do affair in life, ‘But I, he thought†¦ will be here after the mill ‘s gone, and so will Brenda and all adult females lik e her still be here, the kind of adult females that are deserving their weight in gold ‘ . ( 45 ) This description of adult females is beautiful and the initial rhyme on the ‘w ‘ sound conveys how Arthur is underscoring his point that his does hold some regard for adult females, and he is non wholly barbarous and remorseless ; he conveys how maleness does has a softer, more emotional side along with its stereotyped intensions. Due to the economic wants of the post-war period, Sillitoe intentionally presents his characters as taking to maximize their ain pleasance to foreground an dreamer inclination behind hedonism ; working category work forces found it difficult to confront the troubles of the post-war period. For illustration, when Arthur is present during Brenda ‘s gin and hot-bath abortion, he is highly insouciant about it, comparing it to ‘watching the telly with no portion in what he was seeing. ‘ ( 88 ) Arthur therefore conveys no mark of compassion for Brenda ‘s agony. Furthermore, on the same dark, he sleeps with Winnie, Brenda ‘s sister, ‘he could barely retrieve Brenda, believing that possibly he had dreamed about her sometime, but nil more ‘ ( 96 ) . This is flooring after he has merely watched her abort their babe, and his description of merely cognizing her through his dreams suggests that possibly something is incorrect with him mentally ; this coul d, nevertheless, merely be his manner of covering with guilt. If he truly feels no guilt, and has no scruples, although extreme, Arthur could good be thought of as a psychopath. Arthur ‘s rebelliousness of moral values and negligent attitude is conveyed when Arthur and Fred witness a adult male throw a pint glass at a store window, and a female informant ‘held the bewildered perpetrator by his carpus ‘ ( 108 ) whilst they wait for the constabulary. Arthur ‘s immorality and hideous nature is depicted through his sexually derogative description of this adult female ; he loathes her for non allowing the improper adult male flight, ‘She ‘s a bitch and a prostitute†¦ a blood-tub, a murphy face, a swivel-eyed gett, a Rat-clock. ‘ ( 113 ) This deadly spring of misogynism and barbarous linguistic communication portrays Arthur ‘s dominant, aggressive maleness, yet Sillitoe is finally showing this signifier of maleness in a really negative visible radiation.

Managing the Diverse Workforce

Everybody is created uniquely as compared with others. There might be qualities that some people or groups possess that the other group does not. This is diversity. A diverse workforce can give many advantages that the problems associated with it are carefully studied and solved for. Variety of ideas and views regarding important matters within the organization can contribute a lot to the success of the work. Although there might arise conflict and misunderstanding, it can be addressed properly to be converted as strength of the company. Efficient diverse workforce management requires a lot of effort and even money, yet it is very worth it for it gives a lot of benefits to the company.                                                 Managing the Diverse Workforce With further advancement in technology, health issues are continuously being addressed. As such, the life expectancy of people is increasing. This has an immense effect in the business sector. According to Sheldon Steinhauser, the median age of workers raised from 38 years in 1994 to 55 or more in 2005. Also, more and more people from poor performing countries or states are going to richer countries or nations to apply for jobs. The days when women are left in the houses for housekeeping and baby-sitting are also over. Women are pursuing their own careers nowadays. With these happenings, diversity in the workforce is very evident and is expected to increase in the coming years. The question now is what its effects in the business are and how this issue should is addressed. Everybody is created uniquely as compared with others. There might be qualities that some people or groups possess that the other group does not. This is diversity. Oftentimes, diversity is associated with demographic-related factors such as ancestry, gender or age. Aside from those mentioned above, this may also cover sexual orientation, educational and professional training, civil status and religious preference. Cultural background is also a major dimension. According to Bateman and Snell, a diversified workforce may include, but are not limited to: ethnic groups and minorities, migrant workers, disable, women, and people with varying expectations, values, affiliations, economic status and work style. In order to manage diversity, the systems and practices must be reviewed and changed if necessary to maximize the capabilities of the people in it. Implementation of the systems must be ensured to extract the abilities of the employees so as to maximize their contribution to the company. In order to do this effectively, the employer or the human resource personnel must know the individual differences of the workforce. Just like in other setting, diversity can be taken as advantageous to the company if handled well. People with varying values and skills may contribute to the aggregate success of the whole. However, to be able to achieve such success, each difference must be preserved and nurtured. Bateman and Stale noted the existence of a glass ceiling in the company. This is an invisible barrier that hinders women and members of the minority groups from reaching a higher level in the hierarchy of the organization. As such, the potentials of these groups are not maximized. However, f or the sake of profit and improvement, this barrier is being removed nowadays. As different ways to manage diversity are being discovered, discrimination in the workplace is slowly exiting. Although there is really no definite formula in handling diversity, researches and experiences help the human resource personnel and leaders extract the full potentials of their employees from all walks of life. Employing people amidst their cultural and demographic background allows the company to have a good share in the labor pool. Many skillful workers belong to ethnic groups or are women, or are older people. Thus, not including them in the search would lessen the already small labor pool. Also, according to studies at the Stanford Business School, as written in the Business and Legal Reports, diversity among employees can generate better performance when it comes to out-of-the-ordinary creative tasks. For instance, business developments are more effective if the decision-making body is composed of diverse individuals. Their different views could be taken into the advantage of the company. Their varying experiences can be put together to achieve a solid and effective decision. In sales and promotions, a team composed of people from different regions or age brackets or lifestyles can have their own suggestions based from what they themselves want or favor. The target customer could be re presented by the members of the team so their needs would be addressed even at the start of the project. Discussions about the differences of ideas can also be taken as positive since more options will arise and more factors would be considered on the initial planning, thus reducing the chance of error or unseen circumstance. Also, a company that crosses boundaries and differences creates a good impression to the labor pool. In effect, workers would be the ones to approach the human resource personnel, thus, saving more money for the promotions and employee search, and more often than not, those highly-skilled workers are the ones who go for such companies. Furthermore, traditional practices may no longer be applicable to the current policies and need and a diverse workforce is more unbounded to deviate from this, resulting to a better system. Businesses and organizations are sprouting all over during the course of time. In effect, competition is high not only for the share of the market, but also for the shrinking labor pool. Aside from attracting workers due to effective diversity management, homogeneity can also address the need for flexibility and change. By valuing the differences of the individuals, the company is rewarded by its employees by means of loyalty and excellence. A secret in effective management is making the subordinates feel its worth as part of the team. If this is given to him, he would strive to return this sense of importance by means of excellent work and loyalty. This is when the employee shows his best capabilities. Managing a diverse workforce creates a good impression not only to the employees and members of the organizations but to the people outside it as well. According to Bateman and Stale, diverse customers tend to favor these kinds of organizations. Also, the diverse market can be better addressed if they are well-represented in the company by the diverse employees. As such, customer satisfaction is higher and patronage would be awarded. To marginalize the workforce is to waste money, time and skillful workers. Such action would create a bad impression to the market and to the labor pool. Also, it would hinder the entrance of highly-skilled workers who happened to not belong to the widely-accepted group. It may also illicit complaints and conflicts from members of the marginalized group. Having a diverse workforce is not all glory. Diversity also creates conflicts especially if it involves ideas or beliefs. Yes, varying opinions create a healthy atmosphere for discussion and debate but this oftentimes lead to misunderstanding and conflict. Interpersonal conflict may arise and eventually destroy the group. Sometimes, attack is taken not just against the idea but on the person as well. Discrimination among workers may also be difficult to handle. People from different groups tend to be more protective of their identity or beliefs and this often lead to discord. Discussions may also take longer than usual in order to entertain all differing and sometimes conflicting views. Lack of cohesiveness does not only involve ideas or views but even understanding of the goal. The aim may be interpreted differently and this would lead to people walking towards different directions, making the finish line more difficult to reach. This must be attended to at the start so as to ensure that the team is walking towards the same direction in order to save effort, time, money and other resources. According to the Business and Legal Reports, problems also include the answer to the question of how the employees must be treated. Should it be fair or same? What is the basis of fairness? Treating different employees is not an easy task. A simple task of distributing a memo for all the employees poses a problem. The language to be used, the capacity of all the people to understand and a lot others must be taken into primary consideration. Biases must be kept far from decision-making and management but individual capacities of the employees must also be taken into account. As for members of the workforce, the major problem is miscommunication. Differences may hinder smooth transfer of information from the people inside the organization. People from different races might have different understanding in words or expressions. Misinterpreting the gestures or actions of others may yield to conflict or argument within the organization. Also, stereotyping may also arise. An individual or group may think that they are superior to others. This would affect the performance of all the people in the workforce. Instead of focusing on the goal, stereotyped members of the team may be distracted and concentrate on being within the â€Å"more superior† group. Also, perseverance and efforts of the members might be disregarded as several members focus on their colleagues. Researches and experiences claim that to manage a diverse workforce is never easy. It is a task that has to be well-taken cared of. Yet, it is also possible. In fact, there are several multicultural organizations that employ a diverse workforce. There are advices for management and human resources personnel as to how this issue must be handled in order to extract the best abilities of the members of the team. First and foremost, the top management must have an eye on the effectiveness of the diverse workforce. They must be sensitive to the feedbacks of diverse groups regarding company policies or ordinances. They must be also aware to the response of the other members of the team. The plans and objectives of the organization must also incorporate diverse workforce. Most of all, top managers must participate and take the lead in the programs that aim to learn about diversity. Trainings and seminars can also be conducted to better handle and manage a diverse workforce. Rewards can be given to further affirm the good works of the team members. Lastly, a team building is essential to create a bond between members of the company. In doing so, the risk of miscommunication is lessened, as well as the possibility for conflict. With the growing competition in the labor pool and the market, any organization cannot afford to lose a skillful individual just because he belongs to a minority or because he is outside the margin line. A diverse workforce can give many advantages that the problems associated with it are carefully studied and solved for. Variety of ideas and views regarding important matters within the organization can contribute a lot to the success of the work. Although there might arise conflict and misunderstanding, it can be addressed properly to be converted as strength of the company. Efficient diverse workforce management requires a lot of effort and even money, yet it is very worth it for it gives a lot of benefits to the company. References Bateman and Snell. Managing the Diverse Workforce. Retrieved November 22, 2007   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   from http://management.uta.edu/Dr.Wheeler/Mana5312/Chap011.ppt Business and Legal Reports. Diversity Can Improve Decision-Making. Retrieved   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   November   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   22, 2007, from http://www.vault.com/nr/newsmain.jsp?nr_page=3 Human Resources, University of California, Berkeley.Guide to Managing Human   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Resources: Chapter 12: Managing Diversity in the Workplace. Retrieved November   Ã‚  Ã‚   22, 2007 from http://hrweb.berkeley.edu/guide/diversity.htm Improvement Network. Managing a Diverse Workforce. Retrieved November 22,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2007 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.improvementnetwork.gov.uk/imp/core/page.do?pageId=10912 Piturro Marlene, PhD.. Recruiting and Managing a Diverse Workforce. Retrieved   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   November   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   22, 2007 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.vault.com/nr/newsmain.jsp?nr_page=3&ch_id=402 Steinhauser Sheldon. (1999, January). Successfully Managing an Age Diverse Workforce.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Managing Diversity, Vol. 8, Retrieved November 22, 2007 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://clem.mscd.edu/~steinhas/managing_diversity.htm    United States Department of Trade (2007). Leading a Diverse Workforce. Retrieved   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   November 22, 2007 from http://dothr.ost.dot.gov/Toolkit/Diversity/   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   leading_a_diverse.html      

Derivatives Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Derivatives - Literature review Example AP, (2011), derivative transactions entail a number of financial contracts such as forwards, collars, futures, floors, caps, options, swaps, deposits, and structured debt obligations. With reference to the writings by Durbin (2011), the origin of derivates is traced back to the 18th century whereby the earliest form of derivatives known as rice futures were been traded on the Dojima Rice Exchange. In the studies conducted by Hull (2009), he stated that derivatives are essentially contracts between two parties who have agreed on certain conditions under which financial transactions are to be settled and he further added that the most commonly used underlying assets in derivative transactions include currencies, interest rates, stocks, bonds, and commodities. Derivative contracts are categorized into two groups that comprise of the exchange-traded derivatives, which are derivatives that are transacted in a specialized derivatives exchange. The second group of derivatives is the private ly traded derivatives that are traded over-the-counter and therefore, the transactions are not undertaken with the assistance or expertise of an intermediary or the exchange platform (Institute for Financial Markets, 2011). An example of the privately traded derivates is the swaps. Additionally, derivatives are categorized as either option products or lock products; Shirreff (2004) stated that option products give buyers certain rights but they are not under any obligation to agree to the contract under the terms stipulated, an example of an option product is interest rates caps. While lock products underpin the parties in the contract to the terms stipulated until the expiry of the contract, examples of lock products include forwards, futures, swaps. It is of essence to note that the... This paper stresses that derivative contracts are categorized into two groups that comprise of the exchange-traded derivatives, which are derivatives that are transacted in a specialized derivatives exchange. The second group of derivatives is the privately traded derivatives that are traded over-the-counter and therefore, the transactions are not undertaken with the assistance or expertise of an intermediary or the exchange platform This essay declares that derivatives are categorized as either option products or lock products; Shirreff stated that option products give buyers certain rights but they are not under any obligation to agree to the contract under the terms stipulated, an example of an option product is interest rates caps. While lock products underpin the parties in the contract to the terms stipulated until the expiry of the contract, examples of lock products include forwards, futures, swaps. It is of essence to note that the classification of derivates is mainly based on four main factors that include the type of underlying assets entwined with the derivate, the relationship between the derivative and the underlying asset, the market that the derivative transaction will take place, and the returns they offer. The parties involved in the over-the-counter derivative transactions include hedge funds and banks, and this market is the largest in the overall derivatives. Because of the fact that transac tions are performed on private level it means that there is minimal disclosure of information to the public concerning the market and for this reason it remain less regulated.

If industrial robots get cheap enough, they may replace almost all Essay

If industrial robots get cheap enough, they may replace almost all unskilled factory worker in the future. discuss the benefits and costs of this to society - Essay Example There are certain estimations, which indicate that, by year 2025, robots would have taken almost 50 percent of the total jobs in the United States. The impact of industrial robots on employment patterns would vary amongst different industries, and there are reasons to believe that the automotive industry, food services industry and the manufacturing industry would be amongst the ones that would be impacted the most. In these industries, robots would replace as much as 95 percent of the total workers (Skaar & Castillo, pp. 63-64, 2012). These three industries, combined, would replace more than 44 million workers. In fact, calculations also indicate that by the end of 2012, the number of industrial robots, within US alone, would increase to the level of 1.2 million. More importantly, despite the dismissal performance of economy and recessionary pressures, there has been a 20 percent average annual increase in the employment of industrial robots. By the year 2013, there would be one rob ot worker for every 6000 people living on this planet and there are reasons to believe that, within a few decades, the world would have more robots that people (Briggle, et al., pp. 104-106, 2011). Proponents of replacing human workers with robots believe that this would mark a new era in improving the quality of living of people. Life on this planet would become more comfortable, and industries would be able to reduce their costs, drastically, thus allowing consumers as well as industries to gain from the savings (Skaar & Castillo, pp. 63-64, 2012). On the other hand, proponents of these ideas believe that it will only increase the problems in developing and third world countries of the world, which are plagued, already, by problems of high inflation, poverty, and unemployment. In many of these countries, a significant chunk of people is employed in the manufacturing sector, performing

Personal Statement - Why Do You Want To Study Business Adminstration

- Why Do You Want To Study Business Adminstration and why carnegie mellon - Personal Statement Example As a child, I used to tell my father that I could wish to own a large business organization when I grew up, but he thought I was joking. My Interest in business and the desire to live a high-class life, and be independent was discovered when I helped my father in his business shop during holidays. I used to market his products through Facebook, twitter and other social networks, which I found hard to convince my father to join. As I was working with my father in his business, I realized I could not directly face people because I was shy. Moreover, to further my skills and knowledge in business, I worked in several business entities as an internee. During this time, I learnt many business related skills like marketing, balancing the cashbooks, attending leadership trainings and workshops. All these skills and knowledge plus excelling well in my class work business related courses increased my interest in the need to do business administration. In the current world everything has changed due to advanced technology; this has also increased my interests in pursuing a business course. This is because, as a business administrator; I can sell my products through the social networks, process clients requests and even prepare data without necessarily going to the office, shop or meeting clients face- to – face. Carnegie Mellon University is my number one preferred university because of the quality and professional studies it offers especially in the school of Business studies. In addition, another reason is that most people owning high technology companies studied in Carnegie Mellon University. It also offers entrepreneurship inspirational business courses, which make interested students, come out successful once completing their studies from the university. In addition, as a student who wants to pursue in Business Administration, I believe Carnegie Mellon University is the perfect place for me. Professionally, Carnegie Mellon University in general

Discussion 2 KJr Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion 2 KJr - Essay Example ensibly illuminates that in "front-seat driving," an individual engages in an active and purposeful thinking process while in "back-seat driving," the individual’s mind is passive and the thinking process is associational. In "front-seat driving," the individual directs and controls each thinking process taking note of signs and the overall progression of the thinking process just as a driver would take full and sentient control of the car. Contrary, in "back-seat driving," an individual is merely a passive contemplator, not directing the development of his thought but notes whatever his subconscious feeds him hence the conclusion that they finally reach in their thinking process is directed by random images, memories and emotions rather than reasoning. I have seen this happen in class when the instructor asks students to think why they fail in certain modules. Most of them end up thinking temporarily about their passing friends, difficulty of the content and their family backgrounds in a jumbled and illogical manner that is never conclusive or illuminative. In the scale, the unfocused side is characterized by a state of bewilderment, of mental fog while the focused side is characterized by luminous awareness, mental clarity, and consciousness. However, our ability to focus resembles a dimmer light switch since many people are in the intermediate categories between focused and unfocused. The level of ‘focus’ is continuum and not only ‘focused’ or

The Great Gatsby Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

The Great Gatsby - Essay Example The novel provides an exploration of Gatsby’s journey in achieving wealth, success and love with passionate optimism while ironically submitting into moral corruption and questionable lifestyle in the process. This paper aims to analyze how the conflict between Gatsby’s representation of an average American’s hopes, dreams and aspirations with his personal, professional and social life conditions affect his capacity to accomplish his ambitions. Wealthy New Yorker James Gatsby is the central character of the novel. Born as James Gatz, he longed to escape from the impoverished life that he was born into from rural South Dakota and possess wealth and sophistication. While studying in college, he worked as a janitor to support his finances but abruptly quitted because of the difficulty of the job. The one thing that inspired and deeply motivated Gatsby to achieve his goals is his love for Daisy Buchanan, a young girl born from luxury and grace that he met before leaving for the World War I as an enlisted officer in 1917. He firmly believed that he can convince her that he was good for her if he has already established his fortune and become a notable name in society. Daisy promised to wait for him though she married football player Tom Buchanan just after two years and settled in the old rich community of East Egg in New York. Heartbroken, Gatsby finished his studies in Oxford and concentrated on getting Daisy back by particip ating in organized crimes such as stealing bond securities and distributing illegal alcohol. His changing of his name symbolizes his reinvention as he improved his social and economic status. After acquiring millions of dollars, Gatsby bought a mansion in West Egg and threw weekly lavish parties in order to lure Daisy in joining such. Expectedly, Gatsby and Daisy’s paths crossed in the wealthy society of New York. Facing the moment that he prepared for several years, Gatsby showed his wealth and

The Basic Tools in Developing Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Basic Tools in Developing Project - Essay Example The first step involves initiating the project itself – recognizing the need to start or commit oneself to the project. This step has already been taken by the organization based on which the marketing team would start the plans. Details of how the company has handled previous trade shows are not available but my previous experience with trade shows would enable me to plan the process efficiently. The core process includes sequencing the activities, resource planning and budgeting, apart from various other functions (Duncan, 1996). Sequencing activities involve planning again so that no step suffers because of incompletion of the previous step. Being new in the organization, I would need to study the trade show materials first. This would be akin to taking stock of what trade show display materials are available and what needs to be ordered. Resource planning is essential to determine who would make the presentation and who would staff the booth at the trade show. The travel a rrangements are time-critical and need to be done in advance as accommodation is usually a problem during trade shows. Budget, fortunately, is not a problem because it has been allocated based on the expenses incurred in the previous participation. Once the identification of trade show material is complete, and the staff identified, the execution process would start. This requires ordering for any material that may have to be printed, or training the staff and ordering for their clothing. These are all time-critical as all the materials have to be shipped at least ten days before the trade show. The presentation needs to be modified. Responsibilities should be delegated at this stage according to expertise. Pat could be entrusted with training the staff for the show but since he would be away, the training has to take place accordingly. Terry should be left to take care of give-aways and presentations. Once the responsibilities have been delegated, monitoring execution is vital.  

Summery business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Summery business - Assignment Example The focus of attention can move from making better stuffs to investing in selling stuff better. The author elaborates this idea by stating that in the 90s most of the companies were trying to sell their products in new ways rather than detoxifying them. Haque shows how Detroit’s business model innovation of integrating into auto finance resulted in perverse incentives and he purports that â€Å"the costs of business model innovation exceed the benefits† in most cases and this can also result in financial crisis (Haque). The author concludes by stating that business model innovations should give primary emphasis in making insanely great stuff by detoxifying and dezombifying the products rather than seeking new ways to sell the same old products. Haque’s arguments deserve attention as one can find many companies who sell products of poor quality and aim at short term benefits. Similarly, there is possibility that the emerging of a new business model can sometimes a ffect the product adversely. Thus, Haque is advocating for a competent product innovation instead of a new business model innovation. However, I feel like disagreeing with Haque because one cannot separate product innovation from the business model as sound and competent business model innovation is a necessary prerequisite for the marketing of any products, however insanely great they are. Haque, Umair. â€Å"The Best Business Model†. Harvard Business Online (May 1, 2009). The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. 26 October 2009.

In what way is the historical and political context of Thucydides and Essay

In what way is the historical and political context of Thucydides and Machiavelli relevant for an interpretation of their writings - Essay Example Contemporary foreign policies and the disregard for law were the reflections of the Thucydides and Machiavelli’s political powers and their emphasis on the US foreign policies. They wanted to carve a niche for themselves in the American history and they achieved this by exhibiting it in their writings. Their writings were closer to reality and this paved the way for their success. Realism is not a new concept and this was adopted by the authors who emphasize on the historic incidents and happenings. This was held by Thucydides and Machiavelli which helped them in proving themselves a realist author. Thucydides and Machiavelli were considered to be the most popular historians and the reason was the way in which they treated law and political aspects of the government. Each and every part of their writings focused on the disregard for law and ethics that was followed in a country. This created a wave of fear among the residents of almost all the countries and the neighboring countries also felt the impact of the problem. Though they lived several decades before the independence of most of the nations, they are still popular due to their contribution to the history of their respective nations. Their political life also influenced other countries apart from their native countries. Their influence is still felt in most of the nations were their principles and political ideologies are being followed. Thucydides and Machiavelli are considered to be the fathers of political realism as they showed the political system of a country in a different dimension. The way they balanced a country’s government and political system and exertion of power made them the most sought after leaders of the country. They turned in to realist authors only after proving their mettle in the political system. (Thucydides, 1985). Their writings purely reflected their political experience and the way in which they dealt with the political problems and

Global Communications Essay Example for Free

Global Communications Essay While thanking you for the opportunity provided to research on Toyota company, there are several issues that neither be possible explained in detail in this letter nor directly in conversation. It is an agreeable fact that, Toyota is marginally successful in these global trade times in spite of stiff competition. A great strength of the company exists in its innovative and exchange of technology. There are several internal problems for the company in production process, workforce and even in marketing of cars. Toyota company is a middle class and commercial automobile company, which is meeting a great requirement of migrant workers and small businesses which are developing each new day especially in U. S, which is being cashed in by Toyota company. However there are major concerns of global crude oil price which has reached $100. 00 per barrel and a concern of global warming and emission of greenhouse gases, CO2, vehicle pollution are some of the major threats that Toyota has to work with in order to sustain in the market. Enclosing herewith a synopsis for your perusal and information. Sincerely, Paulbright Synopsis on Toyota Toyota company is a multinational company in manufacture of automobiles. There are millions of customers who are using Toyota cars on a daily basis for office going and for other commercial purposes. Especially in U. S. Toyota cars are extremely in use and even in the recent years, Toyota company has posted a rapid growth by its successful brand Prius Hybrid vehicle. Many experts in automobiles are of the opinion that Toyota has established â€Å"green image† in automobile market. Toyota company mark as a monopoly did not leave the company without problems in spite of its remarkable success. The problems are in various measures such as internal and external which the company’s management has to deal with. Although Toyota company is performing fairly well as compared with competitors there are problems of defective engines, designs and production problems which reflect in fall of sales. Particularly with regard to safety defects in Toyota vehicles is of a major concern to the company. Toyota company has a great experience in adoption of new technologies, innovation of technology and exchange of technology. However, with the emerge of globalisation, there is a stiff competition in the market, which brings in new kind of marketing problems, employment problems and other management problems to the company, whereas it is an agreeable fact that when there are problems, solution exists within the problem whether it is in production, workforce or marketing and these require proper identification of sources of problem, analysis and strategies to counter-attack the problem in order to keep the growth of the company. Especially with global fuel price rise in oil market, bringing a new major concern to Toyota company, which discourages customers to purchase petrol or diesel driven automobiles with the fact that fuel filling is quite expensive. Therefore Toyota company has launched Toyota FCHW which runs with Hydrogen have also entered consumer market as substitute vehicles for petrol and diesel. These hydrogen vehicles also help in less emission of CO2 into the atmosphere. In spite of the acute measure of problems, Toyota company has been endeavoring constantly pursuing comfort with technology aid and in introducing more outperforming and outstanding vehicles into the cars market. Running head: GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS 202, Chenoy Avenue St. Joseph’s street Las Vegas – 232 001 (xxx) (xxx xxx) [emailprotected] com February 3, 2008 Mr. Noel Park Automobile Consultant 222, Business Trade center California – 452 005 Dear Mr. Park, Thanks indeed for the good opportunity to research on General Motors. It was a knowledgeable experience in finding some key facts about the company. General Motors is truly facing a halted position in U. S market and is doing very well outside U. S. However, retaining a proportionate share of domestic market is considered to be good at all times with the fact that â€Å"one does not lose battle on one’s own ground† . Have stated some of the alternative measures of strategies General Motors has to undertake with immediate effect and mode of change in operational methods. Enclosing herewith synopsis of General Motors for your perusal and for further necessary action. Sincerely, Paulbright Synopsis on General Motors Another multinational company General Motors with huge and massive successful track of business for several decades, has come to a stage of halt in U. S market as its competitors Toyota, Honda,Hyundai and Nissan have built a proportionate consumer market in U. S. It is an acceptable fact that, General Motors brands of cars are extremely of efficient functioning and due to changing times of global trade entering domestic market, GM has lost sales in an uneven field. This gives out another fact that losing U. S market does not mean that GM has lost consumer market in other countries viz. , Canada, Europe, Asia and many other parts of the world. GM luxury cars Chevrolet, Saturn, Pontiac, GMC, Saab, Hummer and several other models of car have to be made available in market with super special features of advanced technology with cost effective pricing. As a matter of fact, although middle class consumer market is extensive and wide, luxury cars have always retained a unique identity in the market such as in Benz cars, BMW and Lexus. In other words, General Motors must work on innovative manufacturing and marketing strategies in order to maintain its yester years reputation and to keep the sale of cars in high numbers even in losing ground of U. S. market. GM must also work to evolve new methods of marketing to prevent loss of consumer market in North America with the fact that North America has a huge market even if it is for luxury cars. Therefore, General Motors while pursuing other export market, a part of its concentration must also be ventured in North America consumer market. With an apparent fact of severe battle with competitors, General Motors has also been confronted with workforce problems by cutting 30,000 jobs and closure of a dozen plants due to company’s record of loss which posted nearly to $4 billion in 2005. â€Å"GM sought to destroy small dealers through their so-called secret Project 2000, which GM defined as the systematic elimination of small dealerships by the year 2000, and was designed to consolidate car sales at large auto malls, (Horvath). Running head: GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS 202, Chenoy Avenue St. Joseph’s street Las Vegas – 232 001 (xxx) (xxx xxx) [emailprotected] com February 3, 2008 Mr. Noel Park Automobile Consultant 222, Business Trade center California – 452 005 Dear Mr. Park, With regard to the synopsis of Toyota and General Motors, the following are some of the key findings. (a) The scenario of Toyota and General Motors is fair and competitive. Both the companies have internal, external and operational method problems. General Motors is partly facing a financial crunch due to its fall in sales and this can be prevented on undertaking of new marketing strategies in U. S as well in other parts of the world where GM branded cars are mostly in want. (b) Problems of production, workforce, management are plenty in Toyota whereas General Motors has slashed jobs and have closed plants in many countries as a precautionary measure. It can always be presumed that these plants would be restored to production as and when the company regains its market. (c) No company can meet every demand of a customer whereas every model of car has a particular design and technicality and with this fact, it can be concluded that branded cars always retain its reputation even though new entries are available in the market at low cost. The trend in market is never constant and it keeps changing and General Motors has an opportunity to watch this trend of consumer market and must restore its marketing strategies. References Michael Kowalski (2007), Rapid Growth has lead to problems for Toyota Accessed February 3, 2008 http://www. glgroup. com/News/Rapid-Growth-has-lead-to-problems-for-Toyota-18827. html Should President Bush be focused on moving forward with Hydrogen? Accessed February 3, 2008 http://hydrogendiscoveries. wordpress. com/ Books Cornelius Herstatt (2005) Management of Technology And Innovation in Japan Accessed February 3, 2008 http://books. google. com/books? id=KC7zgDeAnc8Cpg=PR22lpg=PR19dq=toyota+company+problems+and+solutionsie=ISO-8859-1output=htmlsig=7ATxnpTUENdyS6Dd22CkmAh24ko General Motors GM: Solutions for effective change Accessed February 3, 2008 http://ezinearticles. com/? GM:-Solutions-For-Effective-Changeid=152642 General Motors problems are no secret, but few know why they exist: Insider provides answer in New Book ‘Project 2000’

Rapid Response to Natural Disasters

Rapid Response to Natural Disasters Rapid Response[c1] One of the most important features of logistic support management is a quick response following a natural disaster. With the recent improvement of information technology, the logistical operation has been able to be conducted on time and the delivery of the required materials to the victims has been more efficient than ever. A rapid response towards the natural disaster is crucial in order to minimize the damage being done and also reduce the number of lives lost, especially in the aftermath, which could be due to lack of medical coverage or insufficient food or water. This is why transportation method such as land, air and water transport is the most important before, during and after the disasters struck. In providing a rapid response towards a disaster, there come certain challenges with it such as[1]; Relocating critical equipment and commodities when a disaster warning is given Relocating[c2] the critical equipment and commodities needs to be carefully structured and planned as it needs to as far away as possible from the disaster location, to be completely safe from its effect radius. But it needs to be as close as possible to the disaster in order to provide a quick relief to those who are affected by the disaster. (suggestion buat assessment tentang disaster effect radius, and put away from that radius) Evacuation plans If[c3] a disaster struck a nation in all of a sudden, the people will all be still in the location and facing the disaster as it happens. This kind of situation will require a perfect evacuation plan as it involves a massive chaos and difficult to get things done in order. A chaotic situation is an already badly struck location will cause further damage and an increasing number of loss as it hastens the process of rescuing the people and providing an effective disaster aid. (suggestion – training and educating people about evacuating safely and in order. Rehearsal) Clearing path for the movement of people and materials after the disaster Related[c4] to the evacuation plans is the path or road being used to move the people out of the disaster area, as it might not be as in good condition as it were before. It might be congested with traffic of the people wanted to get out of the area, or full of rubbles from the destructions of the buildings and facilities, or being filled with mudslides or submerged in floodwater. These are the problems faced when a disaster relief operation is trying to provide a rapid response towards a disaster. (suggestion ) Method and procedures in the movement of casualties As[c5] a disaster struck, it normally causes a lot of casualties, with most of them involving major injuries that may lead to death. As rapid response is aiming towards reducing the number of death, it requires a proper management in terms of the method and procedures of dealing with the casualties. Not all personnel involved in the disaster aid relief operation are well trained with the procedures as it also involves volunteers from around the world. Though their intention is good, it may also hasten the process and thus the effort of trying to provide rapid response in diminished. (suggestion – provide more training for volunteering bodies around the world of a standard operating procedure and methods being used) Bringing in rescue and repair team, together with their facilities and equipment Transport In the event of a disaster, the resources needed as part of a relief operation must be transported to the affected area as quickly as possible to attend to the casualties and also reduce the number of death and prevent further damages to that area. But providing the amount of transport for all that in such a short time is a big challenge as part of the logistic support group. It is key to use whatever transportation left in the affected area, especially as bigger and better transport from outside is being delayed with the route being cut off as a result of the disaster. And getting the cooperation from the agencies, companies or any organization with any method of transportation is also a challenge as it might involve funds, assets and other matters that need time to be coordinated. (suggestion deal with local organizations, agencies or companies as part of their own disaster plan) (suggestion – create a networking system between all agencies and organizations for cooperation in terms of transportation to increase the efficiency of the relief operations) Coordination and Collaborations Dealing with the event of a natural disaster, it is hard for the affected nation to handle the matter on its own, as their system is crippled and the organization is in chaos. This is why it will need help and support from other nation, especially their neighboring countries or member countries of a regional organization. During a disaster relief, part of the logistic matter is moving and distributing the commodities in as short time as possible to the victims, and this normally involves huge transportation coordination and is a very expensive matter. And certain processes or procedures are too complex to be used in such a critical time where everything needs to be done in such a short space of time. (suggestion – more detailed cooperation between member countries of any organization must be made (OIC, NAM, etc.), not focusing only on regional organization. Better coordination brings better process standardization – better cooperation and better results) (suggestion – information sharing on the critical needs, then easier to coord) Undestanding Environments For the coalition or regional organization, a disaster relief operation mostly involves working in a very different environment and also limited to several constraints. For example, in a disaster that involves conflicts, the distribution and transportation of goods might not be as smooth as it should be. Even with good conditioned roads and transport vehicles, they might me susceptible to attacks, ambushes or mines. Their supply center and relief workers might also be targets for these attacks, which might hamper the process of reaching out to the victims. Political situation might also pose a problem to the success of the relief operation as different groups tries to take advantage of distribution process in the name of their own organization for political gains. Though it has nothing to do with the disaster relief operation organization, it does hamper the initial objective of delivering the goods as quickly as possible to the right community. (suggestion – local capabilities must be identified, as the utilization of their capcities will provide benefits to the relief operation. must identify mana proses yg boleh cepat, mana yg akan lambat. Siapa yg boleh tolong, siapa yg akan menyusahkan.) Sustenance Support Even though the initial support or relief is crucial in saving lives and minimizing damages, it needs to be sustained for a longer period of time in order for it to be completely functioning as it is supposed to be. Resupplies must be coordinated so that the right amount is delivered, as it might vary from the initial quantity and specifications, as adjustments on the commodities are being made from time to time. (suggestion – after receiving the initial support, local authorities must work out the on adjustments and on providing resupplies. Not totally depending on supports from others only.) Packaging xxx (suggestion The aspect of the logistic support that must be given the importance is the Packaging of commodities. Handling equipment, determine the bulk of the unit package should be done accurately as to protect it from damaging. However, Storage and transport circumstances determine the strength of the package unit. For example medicines in plastic bottles survive rough road transport. Other related aspect that should be kept in mind is Shelf-life Climate, Spoilage, Pest resistance (FEMA, 2013, NDMA, 2010). Protecting Important Provisions After the episode of disaster large-scale, relief logistics require consistent and sustained supplies of critical and fast-moving products such as fuel, oil, lubricants, tires, and essential spare parts. In addition, expansion of an operation requires shipments of high value specialist equipment. The time of disaster condition is critical any need may rise therefore before during and after the disaster the protection, handling and provision of the related supplies must be done carefully, such as; Fuel import, refining, and storage, Materials handling and storage at ports , Unloading and bagging equipment, container handling, and secure Storage, Handling and storage at Airport , Storage at developing regional airfields, local assembly and secure packing of tires and spares parts ( UNDP, 2006; NDMA, 2010). Security Time taken to get clearance or permission will cause delay. Commercial airfields ports might be damaged as a result from the disaster. So need to use unconventional ways such as military infrastructure as nearest point of entry. This will need special clearance requires more time to get permissions Security arrangements should be reviewed as soon as the disaster hits. Access to some routes and airfields may be destructed to reach the location or clearance and permits may be needed by the logistic supply teams, especially in emergencies. Hence, Arrangements should be made to obtain the relevant documents before, rather than after, the onset of a disaster (Iqbal et al., 2007; UNDP, 2006). Distribution Distribution of products to victims at the disaster location is distinct from transport and handling bulk package of commodities. The assignment of distribution is commonly decentralized to a distinct agency. It includes the physical and non-physical transfer or distribution from their point of production to the point at which they made available to the victims. The effectiveness of distribution systems depends largely on how recipients are selected and identified in the first place. Often this is a complex and highly political activity, over which external implementing agencies has only limited influence (UNDP, 2006). Bibliography United Nation Development Program (UNDP). (2006). Logistics: Disaster Management Training Program. New York. [1] UNDP. (2006) [c1]Dah siap rephrase [c2]Yang nombor (i) semua chong sendiri..nak kena bubuh reference ke? [c3]Yang nombor (i) semua chong sendiri..nak kena bubuh reference ke? [c4]Yang nombor (i) semua chong sendiri..nak kena bubuh reference ke? [c5]Yang nombor (i) semua chong sendiri..nak kena bubuh reference ke?

Company Law problem question: Running a business

Company Law problem question: Running a business Company Law problem question Question 1(a) Tom, Dick and Harry are in business together in the form of a legal partnership. The business having developed somewhat, they are now keen to incorporate their business into a limited company. This will undoubtedly have benefits for the traders, although there are of course certain ramifications of which they should be aware which will be dealt with after a discussion of the benefits of incorporating. The correct choice of business medium is a crucial decision for any business. It will affect how the business trades, the liability of those running the business (in their guise of partners or directors) and the liabilities of the business itself for taxation, for example, in the case of a company. Perhaps the most significant concern for Tom, Dick and Harry, is the risk of capital that is associated with any business. The overwhelming benefit in this context of forming a limited company over remaining as a partnership is that a company will carry only limited liability. This means that the owners of the company (that is, Tom, Dick and Harry, assuming they remain as directors and become shareholders) will only be liable for the amount of unpaid shares in the company if the company were to become insolvent or even bankrupt. In other words, they can choose the amount which they are willing to pay into the company (which does not have to be paid up front), and this is the total amount f or which they would be liable should the company ever be wound up. This can be contrasted with the situation under a partnership where the partners would be both jointly and severally liable for the entire value of their trading losses. This means a partner could lose any property that he owns. The beneficial effects of this arrangement would be limited, however, in a number of situations. If Tom Dick and Harry were to risk everything in the business, that is, if they invest all there assets in the business, then they would still lose it all if the company were to become insolvent. Secondly, it is often the case that when a company comes to borrow money for business development, and particularly where the company is relatively new and unknown to the banks, that the lenders will demand personal guarantees for the value of the loan on top of the normal contractual and security relations with the company. These would, obviously, override the limited liability associated with the company. As business is good for Tom, Dick and Harry at the moment, however, this would not appear to be an immediate problem. A further issue to be considered when deciding whether to incorporate as a company is the expense involved. While these are not extortionate, they are, at least, significant, and should be duly considered by Tom, Dick and Harry. Unlike a partnership, a company needs to be registered, which incurs fees itself. There will be legal fees payable to the solicitor who draws up the new company’s memorandum and articles of association (together, the constitutional documents of the company), which are essential, and outline the aims, methods, and rules of the company’s business life. A similar issue of expense and complexity that will be incurred by a company as opposed to a partnership relates to the accounts of the company. While all businesses, including partnerships, obviously wish to keep accounts, the requirements for accounting for companies are more particular and complicated. The accounts need to be more detailed, and show certain information in a particular way. Furthermore, because companies are subject to more rigorous regulation, the accounts of a company will need to be audited annually by an independent qualified accountant. This, of course, will incur higher accountancy costs that would be expected for a partnership. The company will also be required to complete an annual return and pay a fee on filing it with the Registrar. A company is subject to certain rules and regulations relating to its operation and management, which are statutorily set out in the Companies Act 1985 (subject to be overhauled when the current Company Reform Bill makes it through Parliament). An example of this is the requirement that a company must have at least one director and one secretary. It is usual for the first owners (Tom, Dick and Harry) to become the first directors and / or secretary. These officials will have certain obligations relating to duties owed to the company, and in respect of items that need to be completed and filed with the Registrar of companies at Companies House. An important consideration to take into account is the flexibility of a company to change its internal structure if and when circumstances require it. Such a change would normally involve and require an alteration to the company’s articles of association. This would require, under the Companies Act, a so-called ‘special resolution’, which equates to 75% of the shareholders. In the case of Tom, Dick and Harry, if they were to remain the only shareholders, any such decision would, of course, have to be unanimous. If any conflict is predicted, this will have to be a consideration for the parties. It is worth noting that this requirement is no more stringent than that required for altering a partnership agreement, which requires the approval of all partners. If a conflict were to arise between the directors of the company, the other shareholders would be able to remove the troublesome director by way of an ordinary resolution. Finally, the legal status of a company differs significantly from that of a partnership. A company is seen as a separate legal person, which means it can contract and be held liable in its own name. This has ramifications for the liability of the directors, and is generally seen as a benefit of a company. Only a company (and not a partnership) can create floating charges over their assets. This is significant when it comes to raising finance by way of granting security. It will probably be easier for a company to raise the requisite finance than for a partnership to do so. It is also significant (or may be) that an unlimited number of people can become members of a company, whereas a partnership is limited to twenty partners. If and when the company grows and develops, it will be in its interests to be unlimited in the number of new members it can obtain. Question 1(b) In this scenario, there are a number of developments which will impact on the running and management of the business. Each development will be taken in turn. Firstly, the sale of the company’s property to Dick’s sister, Fanny in 2006 will be problematic. There are three principal areas of concern. Firstly, the company’s articles of association expressly prohibit the sale of company property without a special resolution of the members. As was mentioned above, a special resolution requires a 75% majority, or in this case, as there are only three members, a unanimous vote. There is a course of action that the directors can take, however, after the event, that could ratify the sale of the company property. They will simply need to call an extraordinary general meeting, following the correct procedure of course, and pass a special resolution either to ratify the sale of the company property to Fanny, or else to alter the articles of association to allow for such sales in a more general context. The value and size of the property that is sold to Fanny will be significant in the second area of concern for the company. Under section 320 of the CA, ‘a company shall not enter into an arrangement whereby a director of the company or its holding company, or a person connected with such a director, acquires or is to acquire one or more non-cash assets of the requisite value from the company†¦unless the arrangement is first approved by a resolution of the company in general meeting.’ The reason the value of the property that is transferred to Fanny is significant is because of the existence of the concept of ‘requisite value’, which is set down in section 320(2). This states that the requisite value for a non-cash asset is  £100,000 or 10% of the company’s asset value. If the property is of this value or greater, then, it will be of the requisite value, and will contravene section 320. The fact that Fanny (the purchaser) is the sister of a dir ector classes her as a ‘connected person’. As such, she breaches the section 320 prohibition. Finally, the gross undervaluing of the property in the company’s sale of it to Fanny will be a problem, as it is likely that this will breach section 339 CA in the case of the company becoming insolvent. Were this to happen, the insolvency practitioner would likely deem the transaction to be voidable, and the asset would be brought back into the pool of the company’s assets in order to satisfy the creditors. This would occur if the transaction occurred within 5 years of the presentation of the petition for winding up (because Fanny, again, is an ‘associate’ of the transferor). Under section 238 defines a transaction at an undervalue as one where a company makes a gift to any person and receives either no consideration for it or consideration worth significantly less than the consideration provided by the company. This transaction clearly qualifies as such. It will be deemed to be set aside if insolvency proceedings commence within two years of the transacti on. Each of the directors’ decisions will now be addressed. They decide, firstly, to enter a contract with Oui Ltd. This is not, of course, a problem in itself, apart from the fact that Tom is a director of Oui Ltd. Firstly, if entry into the contract was ratified by an ordinary resolution in the company, Tom would not have been able to vote on it under section 94, because he has an interest in it. If Dry Ltd have adopted Table A articles of association, this would be confirmed by article 94. The company should have kept a register of its directors, which lists the interests and other directorships of all its directors (under section 288 CA), which would have detailed Tom’s directorship of Oui Ltd. Furthermore, section 317 CA requires Tom to have declared his interest in the proposed contract with Oui Ltd at a board meeting of Dry Ltd. He should have given general notice of his directorship. The company issues a further 10,000 unpaid shares to a third party to fight off a takeover bid. This should not create a problem so long as the company’s articles of association give the directors power to issue shares. This in turn is dependent on the company having a sufficient amount of unissued authorised share capital. If it does not, a special resolution will need to be passed to increase this authorised share capital, before passing a further resolution allowing the issue. The powers of the directors in this instance are regulated by section 80 CA. Furthermore, the company must, under section 89, give consideration to rights of pre-emption to existing shareholders. As the directors are the only three shareholders, this should not be a problem, but it would mean they had to wait 21 days before issuing the new shares. The resignation of David and his formation of Whip Ltd, which obtains the contract from Pop Ltd might breach his director’s service contract with Dry Ltd. It is usual for such contracts to contain a clause prohibiting former directors using their business contacts within a certain time of leaving the former directorship; a non-solicitation clause. This would protect Dry Ltd’s business links. Given Harry’s age and his mental deterioration, the company will be able, if it has the heart, to remove him from office following the procedure for removal of directors set down in section 303 CA, which requires an ordinary resolution to be passed. Harry may be able to claim damages for his removal from office under this procedure.

Television Violence Essay -- Papers TV Media Violent Essays

Television Violence Does the violence you see on TV effect how you operate during the day? Does violence seen on TV effect the brain and behavior of our nation?s youth? That is the question on hand for this essay. The study of TV violence is important to our communities and nation not only because it is influential to the way our children think and perceive the world, but also because it needs to come to a stop. What is extremely interesting is how long this has been an issue in our communities. Not only that, but there are statistics, stories of mom?s about their children and their influences, a TV Ratings System, Web-Sites, editorials, and more circulating the Internet and literature worlds with information about TV Violence. It is time for you to join the circulation. According to the American Psychological Association, ?the average American has seen 8,000 televised murders and 100,000 acts of violence by the end of elementary school and has watched about 22,000 hours of TV and approximately 18,000 murders in the media by the end of high school?(Sherrow, 7). It is stated that ?25 million households in the United States experience a violent crime or theft in a given year. And As of 1993, there were about 24,500 murders each year (on average, 470 a week) in America? (Sherrow, 10). And from the same book are the following upsetting facts: ?Thirteen children, on average, die each day in a murder, suicide, or accident involving guns... School violence has risen with more than 100,000 cases of students assaulting teachers and more than 3 million assaults, rapes, and thefts each year. Damage to school property totals about $600 million annually? (Sherrow 10). The question is, are television programs behin... ...ces.? . Manson, Marilyn. Columbine: Whose Fault Is It?. Gurl-Pages.com. First published Rollingstone Magazine, Issue 815, June 24th, 1999. . Levine, Madeline. Viewing Violence: How Media Violence Affects Your Child?s and Adolescent?s Development. New York: Double Day. 1996. Michigan State University (MSU). Interactive Guide for Parent?s on Television Content Ratings. . Rarey, Matthew A. Find Articles.com. ?V-Chip Investment.? . Saunders, Kevin. ?Television Violence Causes Societal Violence.? Mass Media: Opposing Viewpoints. Ed. Byron L. Stay. San Diego: Greenhaven Press. 1999. Sherrow, Victoria. Violence and the Media: The Question of Cause and Effect. Brookfield: The Millbrook Press. 1996. University of Indiana School of Journalism. Good Guys, Bad Guys and TV News: How Television and Other Media Promote Police Violence.

Janes Resilience to Events in Jane Eyre Essay -- Jane Eyre Charlotte

Jane's Resilience to Events in Jane Eyre The novel Jane Eyre was written by Charlotte Bronte in the 1840’s. Put simply, it is the story of a woman who began her life with nothing but aspired, against the odds, to gain recognition and a better social status. Moreover, it is about her ability to cope with situations and make decisions that affect her life and others. Through these qualities it is possible to describe her as a heroine. This essay will aim to show how Bronte conveys Jane’s resilience – her ability to cope and repel suffering – to the audience. It will also show how Bronte shows how Jane could be considered a heroine; not in the clichà ©d sense of fighting evil but more like her ability to choose good over evil, her selflessness, her courage and her overbearing will to continue to live. With such a poor social status (she was an orphan and a women, who were seen as inferior and had far less opportunities in life during the 1800s than men did), no money and no friends the character Jane needed more than a little ambition and feistiness to succeed in overcoming her obstacle-ridden life. Bronte presents Jane at the beginning of the story as a young girl. She is an orphan who lives with her aunt - Miss Reed - but is extremely disliked by her because it was her uncle who adopted her and is now dead. She also lives with Miss Reed’s three children, Eliza, Georgiana and John who also despise her. Bronte communicates Jane’s status in the family early on - Jane is considered an outcast and treated as inferior to the rest of the family. The torment she suffers is clear from the very beginning of the story, and Bronte is quick to associate Jane’s relationship with the Reeds with feelings of mis... ...dly how Jane evolves from a quiet and bullied girl to a full-grown woman capable of loving with all her heart, respecting herself and finding happiness in unhappy situations. Bronte also shows how Jane becomes a strong individual. I think the novel shows very well how badly women were treated in the 1800’s but also why they deserved the same respect as men. It also showed that status in society does not affect whether a person is bad – this contrast is shown by Bronte in Jane, an orphan girl, being good, and the Reeds, a rich respected family, being horrible. Overall it is a very encouraging story, with many tragic moments but also a happy ending. It not only leaves the reader understanding how social status was viewed in the 1800’s but also leaves them with a feeling of hope and the idea that anyone can change who they are, if they are good people.

Friendship in Wordsworths Tintern Abbey :: English Literature Essays

Friendship in Wordsworth's Tintern Abbey Of all the topics Wordsworth covered in his poetic lifetime, friendship stands out as a key occupation. His own personal friendship with Coleridge led to the co-writing of Lyrical Ballads in 1789. The poem â€Å"On Friendship,† written to Keats after an argument in 1854, states, â€Å"Would that we could make amends / And evermore be better friends.† In â€Å"Lines Written a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey,† we find the purest expression of Wordsworth’s fascination with friendship. Written on the banks of the Lye, this beautiful lyric has been said by critic Robert Chinchilla to â€Å"pose the question of friendship in a way more central, more profound, than any other poem of Wordsworth’s since ‘The Aeolian Harp’ of 1799† (245). Wordsworth is writing the poem to his sister Rebecca as a way of healing their former estrangement. Rebecca Wordsworth was, as many writers have pointed out, distressed at Wordsworth’s refusal to hold a full-time job—like many a youth after him, Wordsworth was living the carefree life of the artist. Rebecca wanted him put to rights. He should become an adult now. â€Å"Tintern Abbey† is Wordsworth’s attempt to explain himself to Rebecca, but also, in crucial ways, to himself. As the poem opens, Wordsworth is standing a few miles above the ruined Tintern Abbey. He states: Five years have past; five summers, with the length Of five long winters! and again I hear These waters, rolling from their mountain-springs With a soft island murmur. Despite his position, Wordsworth can hear the â€Å"soft island murmur† of the mountain springs. As â€Å"five long winters† suggests, Wordsworth is cold and dreary—London, we must remember, is a bitter place. He longs for the islands: the sand, sun, and warm waters that those murmurs suggest. The coldness of winter could be brought about by Rebecca’s distance from her brother; they had been, at the time of the poem’s writing, separate for five long years. But he can hear reconciliation coming just at the edge of hearing: he can spot the horizon of friendship. But no sooner does friendship appear in the poem than it is thwarted by these lines: Green to the very door; and wreaths of smoke Sent up, in silence, from among the trees! With some uncertain notice, as might seem Of vagrant dwellers in the houseless woods, Or of some Hermit's cave, where by his fire The Hermit sits alone.

College Essay (Soccer)

As a senior, my team and I take our first step onto the turf field; we go on as a family that is striving to bring home the cup. This is my first, yet last chance to do this. The heat from the turf moves through my cleats and onto my feet. The intensity of the sun is shining straight down on me and the sweat is just beginning to start. Then my mind rewinds back to those few words that crushed me terribly last year coming from the varsity soccer coach, â€Å"I think it’d be best if you played on junior varsity this season. I spent countless nights being angry that I did not make varsity and I felt somewhat like a loser because I was a junior playing on the JV team. After a few weeks, I figured it was pointless to feel pity for myself and decided that I was going to show everyone how great I could be. Soccer has been my addiction since I was five and nothing could ever replace the desire for it. My father taught me the rules and coached me; I was set on making sure I knew every aspect of the game, attempting to perfect every skill. I was in complete disbelief when I was not put on the varsity squad, I thought I was good.I knew I had to get better because there is always room for progress. My first step was to improve my physical condition by running and lifting. Running was something that I dreaded to do every day, but knew it was so vital to do. I absolutely despised running, every time I wanted to stop I would just think, â€Å"A starter wouldn’t stop running until they’ve reached the end†. Lifting weights was an activity that I found enjoyable and did not mind doing. Besides exercising, I spent numerous hours working on my ball skills; juggling, controlling, and passing everything a starting player should be precise at.Finally, after many long months, my hard work had paid off. During tryouts I showed everyone that I was a zealous and determined player, taking practice serious and hustling for every drill. The varsity coach awarded me with a starting position for the team my senior year. My determined work ethic, initiative and discipline helped me to get where I am now. To this day I continue to work hard at every practice, even though I am starter. Slacking off is not an option for me. I have applied this lesson to many areas in my life including school work, sports and volunteer work. I am not a quitter and am never satisfied until I achieve my goals.

Definition of Marine Biology

maritime Biology in addition refers to Biological Sciences or Biological Oceanography. nautical Science is the general term for look for conducted in oceans and coastal or interior waters connected to the sea. This particular flying sphere of operation is probably the best known to the public. maritime Biology deals with the study of micro and documentation organisms such(prenominal) as plants, animals, viruses, and bacteria in oceans, estuaries, and former(a) bodies of salt water. In the feild of devil dog Biology you plan, participate in, and administer inquiry programs for government experiment stations such as semiprivate search centers, manufactoring irms, and medical checkup service industries.Tools and equipment for this c atomic number 18r includes lab animals, roentgen ray and other lab equipment, computers, spectrophotometers, collections of specimens, and a starting signal no later than high school, a maritime life scientist should obtain a solid educati on in as many basic lores as mathematical including chemistry, physics, and biology. Mathematics is essential. Plane geometry, trigonometry, solid geometry, and twain years of algebra are recommended. Good side of meat is no less important, for both write and oral reports are a bouffant part of oceanic Biology. The tudy of a irrelevant language, especially French, German, or Russian should find early.Degrees in this study are offered nevertheless to college graduate students. Most entry direct jobs minimally require a Bachelors leg in a natural science from an accredited college or university. Doctoral spot holders face disputation for independent look for positions. Those with a Bachelors degree or master degree in biological sciences shtup expect better opportunities for non investigate In assemble to be a Marine biologist or in any promissory note of make for, you have to be really utilise to your job. This is the job I have forever wanted ever since I was a little girl. I always love the water especially the ocean.I destine there is so much to transgress around it and there are so many marine animals yet to be revealed. If I ever do belong a Marine Biologist I either want to give-up the ghost on in the laboratory or run for in the field. I think it would be interest to travel to different parts of oceans and break in what kind of plants and animals hide beneath the recondite blue waters. Laboratory technicians and testers mess stupefy more education experience. They can work their way up through research ositions and may reach administrative posts in government or industry.As a rule, high paying postions of prestige go to those with a Ph. D degree and a history of successful research. C. Earnings and working(a) Conditions Marine Biologists may work in a laboratory, classroom, museum and industrial setting, a botanical garden or zoo, or in a field. They may either work alone or with engineers, technicians, and other scie ntists at various stages of research or crossway development. endureing conditions vary with the kind of work they do. Indoor work areas may be softly, well lighted, and air-conditioned. Those who work in laboratories or industrial settings must keep work areas very clean. Ventilation systems generally support protection from dust, fumes, and odors.Special precautions are interpreted to protect those scientists who work with infectuous creatures or reprehensible chemicals. While working in the field some Marine Biologists travel to coral reefs in tropical seas and ocean waters in cooler climates having to work a The earnings of a Marine Biologist are complicated. Most of these researchers recieve a net directly from an employer. They write roposals in localise to have their research ideas funded by private and government agencies. The quality of their results often determines whether they recieve specie for future efforts, and consequently, whether they work and for how lon g.The salaries of a Marine Biologist comes down to each persons education, experience, and At the present time the profession of Marine Biology is one of the least displace of the science fields. There are nevertheless a few railway yard Marine Biologists in research, with less than three thousand graduates working and teaching in the joined States. Since there is a limited umber, opportunities in research are few and competition is stiff. It is said that by the year of 2006 use of goods and services in biological sciences go away enhance by 25. 1 portion, that is an increase of 20,000 positions. concord to the 1990 Census, 48. 8 percent of this particular descent were female, 5. 8 percent were black, and 3. 7 percent were Asian and Pacific Islanders. Employment opportunities will be good for scientists with advanced degrees. Those with lesser degrees may experience competition for operational jobs in the future. Marine Scientits work in a surprising variety of disciplines. some xamples are Archaeology which is the study of prehistorical and of ancient periods of history, based on the examination of their physical remains.Another is Anthropology which studies man both as an animal and as quick in society , his origins, development, distribution, social habits, culture, and so forth Sociology is the study of the origin, the history and the structure of the homosexual society and its institutions. Engineering which is the science applying experience of the properties of matter and the natural sources of energy to the practicable problems of industry, and other studies of human relationships with the sea. There are many advantages and disadvantages in becoming a Marine Biologis.If you do not comparable to work long hours or do hands on experiments than working a the field is not for you. An advantage to that is you can do indoor work, which would be in laboratories or classrooms. They are usually quiet and work with chemicals and radioactive subs tances. These are lonesome(prenominal) a few of the advantages and disadvantages in the field of Marine Biology. The services have about 500 scientists. On an average they subscribe to 30 new life scientists each year. Newly comissioned life scientists are ormally depute to a lab, while they conduct research under the direction of more go through scientists.Summer and part-time employment may be available in industry, college programs in biological science or projects museums, zoos, and other institutions employing Biological Scientists. The Department of Agriculture participates in the cooperative education program, a federally sponsored program provideing work experiences and income. There are a variety of School to Work opportunities which include informal apprenticeships, mentorships, job follow experiences or touring a local biological scientist.