Hemingway and Art Essays

Hemingway and Art Essays Hemingway and Art Essay Hemingway and Art Essay Essay Topic: Pulp Fiction The Sun also Rises Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Hemingway and Art Ernest Hemingway was an influential artist of the 20th century. He was an author and a journalist and most of his individual works inspired the rise of fictional writing throughout the 1900s. As an author, Hemingway’s writings were influenced by the various events that occurred in the 20th century, particularly the First World War. His experience of the war and the influence of modernism were the fundamental aspects that led to Hemingway’s use of pulp fiction to establish meaning through dialogue and action. Regarding art, it is essential to assess Hemingway’s stories as illustration of forms of art through comparison with another formidable painter of the 20th century, Thomas Hart Benton. The main art form that Hemingway used in his writing was the iceberg theory (Theory of Omission). Through this type of writing, Hemingway believed that he could describe an action and at the same time express a dissimilar message regarding the action. For instance, in his book, Big Two-Hearted River, Hemingway uses the iceberg theory by concentrating on Nick Adams’ action of fishing and at the same time asserting Adams’ concentration on fishing to the degree of ignoring the repulsiveness of his experience of war (Hemmingway, 101). Moreover, most of his content was based on his experience of the First World War, which led him to the incorporation of realism in his works while using fictional events to assert the themes he portrayed. Apparently, his writing style used the concept of imagery and symbolism by creating patchworks of images to convey meaning. Thomas Hart Benton was another prominent artist of the 20th century. His works were mostly paintings that defined the Regionalist Art movement. Regionalism, as the name suggested, sought to capture the American rural life (Wolff, 67). Despite both artists being born in the same period, their forms of art were different. While Hemingway embraced modernism, Benton adapted regionalism. There were several similarities between the two artists. Both artists captured the pioneer aspect of the American society. For instance, Ernest Hemingway, in his book, The Sun Also Rises includes the American West, which remains to be the epitome of America in the 1930s (Hemmingway, 96). Similarly, Benton captured the life of rural America by painting the daily life of inhabitants of the American West. For instance, the completed Independence Murals of 1962 by Benton addressed different aspects of the American West (Wolff, 200). The art form Hemingway utilized sought to attach a different and compounded meaning to something that seemed meaningless. The use of the iceberg theory allowed Hemmingway to exemplify the social purpose of his art form by addressing various social issues such as the effect of World War I, emancipation of women, existentialism and death. Benton’s art form of Regionalism addressed controversial issues such as racism through his depiction of the Ku Klux Klan in the Indiana Life murals (Wolff, 307), slavery and the oppressed rural inhabitants of America. Both artists used art as a means of expressing meaning on the views they sought to exemplify. To both, art was art if it possessed meaning. However, with the advent of abstract expressionism, which led to the extinction of regionalism, art no longer required meaning. Hemingway, through his art, sought to include content as well as form in order to couple the use of his omission theory to complement the subjects he addressed. The s ame goes for Benton who, through regionalism, blended the issues addressed by incorporating his form in his paintings. Civic responsibility involves social responsibility as well. Comparing with Hemingway and Benton, artists have a civic responsibility to the society by engaging in social participation through their compositions. Since civic responsibility is democratic, artists can project their own opinions through their works. Ernest Hemingway, through his experience as a journalistic correspondent, harnessed his writing skill. As an artist, Hemingway achieved both positive and negative criticism through his works. The same goes for Benton, who achieved positive criticism and negative criticism due to some of his paintings. However, every artist is entitled to their opinions since it forms the basis of their artistic impressions regarding their views. The freedom of art permits artists to capture anything and twist it to relay inner and authentic expression. a) The Independence Murals b) â€Å"Parks, the Circus, the Klan, the Press† in the Indiana Life Murals Hemingway, Ernest. Big Two Hearted River; Homage to Ezra Pound. Paris: This Quarter, 1925. Print. Hemingway, Ernest. The Sun Also Rises. New York: Scribner, 1996. Print. Wolff, Justin. Thomas Hart Benton: A Life. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012. Print.

Nissan Micra Essay Example

Nissan Micra Essay Example Nissan Micra Essay Nissan Micra Essay When advertisers are making adverts they have to try and make their advert stand out and make people look at it or read it with the key aim of selling their product in mind. Advertisers have to look at three main parts to an advert, the layout and colours being used, which graphics to use and how to make them look good and the copy content.  Many techniques are used by advertisers trying to influence us to be interested in, and to hopefully buy, the product they are marketing. In order to create a demand for their product advertisers not only use the straightforward selling points of showing the features and benefits of their product, they also use imagery and suggestion to link their product to an ideal that others want to be a part of. Different methods are used to try and draw us in to an advert and to then make us want to buy the product. I will look at these different methods and techniques used in a range of advertisements and show how advertisers seek to influence us in these. All of the adverts that I am going to look at are of the same product, cars, but are not all aimed at the same target audience. One of the reasons for choosing adverts on cars is that car companies are very rich so should spend a fair amount of money on making adverts and employing top people to make them. Because of this I think that my selected adverts will be of high quality and are probably some of the best examples of how advertisers seek to influence us in different ways. I think this is a very clever advert. This advert could just show its own product and say how it is better than the BMW but it shows the BMW as well. The BMW is placed to the left of the MG so naturally you will see that first. Seeing a BMW on a MG advert causes confusion to anyone who knows anything about cars and draws you into the advert to see what is going on. This is also partly because of the bold statement so much for the ultimate driving machine which is placed above the BMW and where your eye will be drawn to it.  The advert is quite daring challenging the ultimate driving machine because that is the slogan which BMW uses in its adverts. The two cars are also on a race-track and the MG is positioned ahead of the BMW. The MG is also shown on a more exciting angle and is well lit making the car look better and making it stand out more. The BMW is made to look dull and boring in comparison. This advert is very confident about its product especially as it is taking on the BMW which is known as a good, expensive car and also, being German, it is renowned for its quality. What also shows their confidence is that they have a website, mgbeatsbmw.co.uk. In the copy at the bottom of the advert it tells you that it was an independent research company who carried the survey which would suggest that it was fair. They are also being quite cocky in what they say especially Presumably, this now makes a certain other car the penultimate driving machine. In the bottom right hand corner of the advert, the last place you will look before turning the page, it has the company logo just to remind you. This advert is very daring and challenging. It is targeted at people who would consider buying a BMW and who want to have the best. This is a double page advert. This advert is very bright and vibrant which is this advertisers way of catching your eye. This advert is putting forwards the quality, looks and desirability of the car and also the performance. In the text at the top left it uses the word cutting edge when talking about the new engine which is basically telling you that you cant get any better and it then says beauty is not enough which suggests that, yes their car is beautiful and has great looks but it also has a lot more. On the right hand side of the advert it has three pictures of impressive parts of the car with a little bit of text telling you about each, emphasising design and performance. The setting is up in the clouds with a slightly blurred background, suggesting speed and flight and also making the car itself stand out. The car has light directed onto the front, near corner of it making it look really good. The largest text in the centre of the advert says start living your dreams. This fits in with the setting, in clouds, which gives it the image of a dream car. The advertiser is suggesting that with their new car, it is now possible to live your dreams. This advert again has the company logo and the name of the car in the bottom right corner, the last place you will look when turning a page just to remind you. This advert is quite inviting to look at not only because of the brightness but also because of the lack of text which can sometimes be off-putting. Another interesting thing about this advert is that it says no price for the car. This would mean that it is aimed at people with money to spend, wanting a classy car but also I think that if people go to look at the car then they will be expecting it to be quite pricey because of the image that is given by it. VW Touran This advert is aimed at people who need a car for space, practicality and versatility. The advert is very simple, there are no statements and no text on the actual main body of the advert, only underneath which is not read until you have looked at the picture. The graphics are simple, clean and practical, they want the picture to speak for itself. The background is linear almost like graph paper emphasising measurement and size. At first glance the message is to the point, a car with space and practicality. However, the use of chairs inside the car links with the copy underneath up to 39 seats' and over five hundred seating combinations to make it more thought provoking. The copy explains the flexibility of the seating arrangements saying there is room for children, friends, family and anything else you need to carry. This gives the impression that the car can hold anything and anyone in any different combination. The advert is simple and factual but has a twist in the picture/message to draw interest.  This is aimed at people who want a low cost small car, possibly younger people. In this advert the advertisers are emphasising the 1 years free insurance and credit terms as they are in bold, lit up and are in the top left corner where you will look and read first. The car is lit up in specific places, headlights and front grill, to be shown as friendly, looking almost like a face. And where it says friendly headlights in the text below helps to imply this. I think the use of wind turbines in the background give an implied message of the car being environmentally friendly, cost efficient and having futuristic technology. The smaller text below the car gives information about safety features, highlighting them using capitals, and uses a futuristic language. The text also uses the words friendly and fun which would maybe appeal more to younger people but also states its safeness at the same time.  All of the adverts are aimed at specific target audiences and give or use different messages to appeal to their target audience. All of the adverts focus on only a few main features to try and keep the advert simple yet effective. They all also have the same basic layout with the large graphic, a bold statement, smaller copy giving information and the company logo in the bottom right corner.

Biology of the war Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Biology of the war - Assignment Example ven parties that argue against war just look for subtle and less socially damaging methods, where in these evolutionary acquired elements of human nature can be expressed (Baylis, Wirtz, and Gray, 2012). Aggression is natural in human beings to a near fully evolutionary extent, 70% genetics. All violence originates from the dissatisfaction of human’s naturally resolute urges. Every new generation will be violent and this violence will find its innate and unavoidable expression in ethnic, social, patriotic, political, and economic conflicts because all types of culture are unsatisfying (Baylis, Wirtz, and Gray, 2012). Today, this theory is popular amongst scholars who critically ponder on the causes and challenges of conflict and its likely prevention. I have learned from experience and literature that any aspects of social living granted by human societies are mere inventions. However, at some point, these aspects seize being inventions because of their widespread acknowledgement or utter dismissal. Examples include trial by court, which is limited to finite societies across the world and communities that cremate their dead rather than bury them (Meade, n.d.). This disparity reflects just a part of the history of human beings that had the understanding of recordkeeping as its cultural legacy, the same way violence has always

Mitigation Strategies and Solutions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Mitigation Strategies and Solutions - Essay Example Kemp (2004) estimates that the earth’s surface temperature have increased by 0.3Â °c-0.6Â °c since 1900. The years 1995-2006 ranked amongst eleven of the twelve warmest years on record since climatic records began in 1850. The IPCC also estimates that by 2020, the earth’s temperatures will have risen by a further 0.2Â °c. Natural Causes/Contributions of Global Warming Earth’s Orbital Variation The Milankovitch Theory of climate change predicts that the Earth’s orbit around the sun is not a perfect circle but an ellipse, which makes the earth closer to the sun at certain periods. This currently occurs in January, making northern hemisphere winters slightly milder than previous winters. With greater eccentricity the length of the Earth’s seasons varies, which can lead to the build up of ice sheets when there are cooler summers. Sun Spot Activity The sun is now believed to be its most active for 300 years (Kemp, 2004). In the past 120 years, 0.5Â ° c rise in global temperatures occurred before 1940, which is earlier than the biggest rise in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions released by humans. Further evidence comes from tree ring data in which 17 out of 19 of the warmest spells in the past 10,000 years coincided with peaks in solar activity (Goudie, 2000). Ocean Circulation Changes The Earth’s oceans cover around 70% of the Earth’s surface and absorb twice the amount of sun’s radiation as the atmosphere of the land surface (Jackson and Jackson, 1996). With their huge heat capacity, and means to move vast quantities of heat across the planet, they have a major effect on the earth’s temperatures, e.g. during an El Nino cycle, the west coast of South America experiences higher temperatures with greater rainfall due to the transportation of warm waters from the South Pacific replacing the usual up-welling of nutrient rich cooler waters (Thomas and Goudie, 2000). The North Atlantic Jet and Gulf Stream also has a major affect on the earth’s surface temperatures in North Europe, which transports warm heat from the Caribbean up to high latitudinal regions making temperatures artificially high for their latitudinal position. Human Causes/Contributions of Global Warming Burning of Fossil Fuels The burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas releases anthropogenic emissions of GHG’s, such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and halocarbons. These gases absorb some of the infrared radiation emitted by the Earth which would otherwise escape back into space. This creates the enhanced greenhouse effect, in which increased CO? levels (280ppm from pre industrial levels to 379pmm by 2005) have warmed global temperatures by around 0.5Â °c over the past century (IPCC, 2007) Deforestation The world’s forests have decreased by around 38% over the past century (Jackson and Jackson, 1996). This has led to increased levels of CO? in the earth’s atmosphere because there are not enough trees to absorb the additional carbon rates caused by increased human activity. Increased agriculture and livestock such as cows release significant amounts of methane, which contribute towards global warming. Levels of methane have doubled since pre-industrial times to 1.765 ppmv (Kemp, 2004). CFC’s CFC’s and other halocarbons released from refrigerators, insulating foams, aerosol spray cans and industrial plants all destroy the stratospheric ozone, and are a significant cause of global warming due to their higher concentration levels of greenhouse gases (Goudie, 2000). Positive and Negative

Create a spreadsheet Essay Example for Free

Create a spreadsheet Essay Introduction For the last 6 years I have been driving karts in the national championship, I have moved up through the junior ranks and am now into my last year of junior karting at the highest level of 100cc J. I. C. A. racing before moving into the senior karting classes next year. I have noticed that although the results for each race are recorded off transponders, arranging them into points and championship order can be very slow and in accurate. I plan to create a spreadsheet, which quick and easily adds up the points into a table just by typing the finishing positions into one of the sheets. The system will automatically change the scores for points and place them into a table with points order. I will be able to broadcast this onto the Internet with a site I shall create. I will then ask people who want the scores to each event to sign up, they will then be added to a mailing list and will have the results posted to them each time they are amended. I could also use this site to advertise for some sponsors. If enough people where to visit I think it would be worth wile the sponsors advertising on my site. Analysis For me to be able to analyse each task successfully I will have to read the booklet carefully deciding what the tasks are, that I need to analyse and how many of the tasks there are. There of course many small problems which go together to make the big problem these problems are as follows. 1. System to create a drivers championship 2. use a database to create a mailing list 3. A4 sheet to display the championship table Problems This sheet shows an explanation of all the problems, I will demonstrate what exactly it is that I plan to do in a short account for all three Task1 System to create a drivers championship Problem I must create a championship table using a computer program that I have at my disposal. The reason for my doing this is that over the past few years of karting that I have been involved, the organisation of karting has improved with the introduction of computers, but still the scouring is done in an insufficient way were as the scores are taken down by hand and then just simply typed out on the computer. My aim is to create a system to score a championship simply by typing in the finishing position of each driver. The number of points for each finishing position will already be stored in the computer and just by typing in the finishing position, the computer will work out which driver has how many points and the computer wil then sort the scores out into the order of the highest scoring person first in the table. Task2 Database mailing list Problem For my second task I will create a mailing list of all the drivers taking part in each championship, after each round in the race calendar I will send the amended results to each of the people involved in that particular race. I will have to use filters to decide and make sure that I send he right table to the right driver at the right time. With there being over 200 drivers involved in each championship, sorting the correct table and sending it to the correct drivers may be quite a complicated task to do. Task3 Desk top publishing Problem As my final task I shall use a desktop publishing program to create a distinctive piece of paper which displays the championship table, which I will have already created, so that it is easy to read and stands out. I will then use my database mailing list to send out the right number of copies required to each driver. Analysis Task1 System to create a drivers championship For me to be able to complete this task I first must analyse the points that will need to be output and the points that will need to be input. Information to output   Various A4 sheets for each class showing the championship in the order of points: this should contain the number of drivers in each class, the drivers race numbers, the points they have scored at each round and the total number of points scored by each driver.   The round at which the points where scored: this will have to be shown on the sheet to show after which round of the championship the points were in that order. Points for places: the points that are available for each finishing position. These will have to be somewhere on the table so that the points can be checked against that of the table. Information to input   When I am creating this scoring system I will have to input the necessary points that are scored for each finishing position.   I will have to add in the drivers names so that I can just add the finishing positions along side them.   My second input will be formulas this is because the computer will have to workout from the points, who has scored what. I will also have to add any other inputs that are needed for me to be able to get the necessary outputs Judgement of completing the task   I will know when I have completed the task because by inputting the drivers finishing positions the computer should workout the total points each driver has scored.   This task will be complete when all testing has been finished and scoring system is accurate giving the correct points of each driver Testing For this task I will have to test whether or not my system and formulas work to give an accurate score for each driver. To test my system I will type in different finishing positions, which I know the total to. If the final score is different to what it should be I will know there is something wrong. I will then have to check I have typed in all the formulae correct and the points for positions are also correct. After completing this testing I will have completed the task so that it works correctly giving the right answers. Analysis Task2 Database for mailing list This problem also means that I will need to create a system for informing the drivers who are competing in the championship what the points standings are after each round. When implementing this task I want the computer to show which drivers race in which categories, this is so I dont send the wrong table to the wrong driver. Information to output I will create a database using various fields for which I can have the necessary information, on addresses and the types of class each person races in. to do this I must first decide what information I need to get out of the computer and then following that. The information that I will need to put in, to get the out puts. Shows all the drivers names: I want the computer to show all the drivers names in the database, along with their details.   Filters: there must be filters in use for this database to function properly, this is because I require the ability to send different sets of results out on different days. For example one category of karts may have not raced at a certain round and so it is not necessary for me to send them a copy of their championship table.

Andy Dufresne8217s Search for a Perfect World in the Shawshank Redemption :: essays papers

Andy Dufresne8217s Search for a Perfect World in the Shawshank Redemption ï » ¿Andy Dufresne's Search For A Perfect World Andy Dufresne (Tim Robbins) is a wrongly convicted lawyer, serving time in the hell known as Shawshank Prison for the murder of his adulterous wife. Andy’s life in prison starts off miserably. He finds maggots in his food, is regularly raped by â€Å"the Sisters†, a group of prisoners who beat an rape other prisoners, and is threatened an harassed by the prison’s guards. However, as time goes on, Andy slowly turns the hell he lives in into a livable, if not perfect world. He files the guards’ tax returns, so that he saves the guards money in ways they could never have found. In return, the guards protect him for the sisters. He even helps the warden of Shawshank to launder money. (The warden receives bribes in exchange for the free prison labor he offers to farmers and businesses around the state.) Andy also befriends the prison’s one man black market, a man known as Red (Morgan Freeman), and is able to purchase a few luxuries. Through Red, Andy buys a rock hammer, which he uses to carve a chess set, and posters of the decades’ most beautiful women (as time goes on, Rita Hayworth is replaced by Marilyn Monroe. Andy, though, still has dreams of a truly perfect world, one without walls or cells, where he can be truly free. This causes Andy to work every night at digging tunnel out of the prison and into the outside world. Before Andy escapes, he tells Red about a place to go to, if he should ever get out of prison. Then one night he escapes. He then empties every account he built up while working for the warden. After which he exposes the money laundering scheme going on inside the prison. Finally Red gets parole, and he joins Andy on a sunny beach in Mexico. Andy has found his Utopia, a place where he has a friend, and no restrictions. Tim Robbins does an excellent job of portraying a man stuck amongst rapists, murderers, and thieves. Robbins shows just the right amount of unbeaten hope, combined with a certain distant, aloof look at times, put together these show that he, unlike the rest of the prisoners, has an internal fire, separating him from the rest of the inmates.

Comment on the title ‘A Cup of Tea’ Essay

Plan1.Pre-writinga.Gathering information about Katherine Mansfieldb.Revising the texti.Singling out heroesii.Building a timelineiii.Depicting localesiv.Finding phrase a cup of teac.Revising the analysisi.Stylistic devicesii.SPUsiii.Text structured.Studying meaning (a theme analysis)i.How the message revealsii.What the characters learn during the storyiii.What the author feels about the characters and the conflict (Authors Modality)e.Linking the message with the title2.Writing the compositiona.Introductionb. Characters and developmentsc.Messaged.Conclusion3.Verifyinga.Lengthb.SpellingCompositionThe story is written by Katherine Mansfield a famous New Zealand writer. She is considered one of the great masters of the short-story form. Mansfield’s stories are poetic, delicate, and ironic; they are characterized by a subtle sensitivity to mood and emotion, revealing the inner conflicts her characters face and resolve. Her style much influenced by that of the Russian writer Anton Chekhov, in turn had great influence on later short-story writing. From the first lines we get acquainted with the protagonist of the story Rosemary Fell and her husband. The author describes her family and Rosemarys lifestyle: They were rich, really rich, not just comfortably well off. The family is one which is called from the top drawer. The next key character the reader encounters is a young beggar girl from the Curzon Street. In contrast with Rosemary the girl is without a penny to her name. She is the one to mention the key phrase for the first time. Would you let me have the price of a cup of tea? Rosemary is extremely surprised by the absence of money. How extraordinary! To Rosemary it looks such an adventure like something from an imaginary book. And she asks the girl â€Å"Come home to tea with me.†So here we can trace that a cup of tea is the first thing from which the adventure begins. In fact, they meet each other because of the girls intense desire to have money for the price of a cup of tea. So a cup of tea plays key role in the plot it allows the two women meet each other. And Rosemary invites her using convention of tea drinking as a pretext. Come home with me now in my car and have tea. After the meal with tea Miss Smith transforms into something undeniable attractive. When the tea-table was carried away a new being, a light, frail creature with tangled hair, dark lips, deep, lighted eyes†¦ Then Philip appears, he knows his wife well and clearly sees what this is all about. He plays on his wifes jealousy and makes this mischievous adventure stop. The author tries to underline the gap between the rich and the poor. The authors modality shows that theres nothing kind in this irregular adventure which began upon the pretext of having a cup of tea. To break social standards is thrilling when you read about it in books but it wont do in real life. As a result, the a cup of tea adventure leads to Rosemarys inner conflict she asks herself whether Philip thinks she is pretty or he is so dazzled by the beggar girl. To crown it all, the title a cup of tea corresponds to the main developments of the story. Its is like a universal symbol which helps to unite the key occurrences and make the plot look natural. Bibliography 1.http://www.studyguide.org/mansfield_cup_of_tea.htm2.Microsoft  ® Encarta  ® 2009.  © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. 3.http://www.ingilish.com/stylisticanalysis.htm4.English by Correspondance Vesnik D.A. Moscow, 1976

Ethics and Corruption

What is corruption? Corruption is the abuse of entrusted power for private gain. It is damaging to a country because decisions are taken not for the public benefit but to serve private interests. Corruption undermines good governance, fundamentally distorts public policy, leads to misallocation of resources, and particularly hurts the poor. There is a case in 29th July 1995, where the collapse of the Sampoong Superstore in Seoul, South Korea, represents an example of a structural collapse attributed in large part to corruption. The collapse of this structure left 937 people injured and had a death toll of over 500 innocent lives. Due to that, Engineer’s integrity and ethical standard will be put to test when involving project worth millions dollars. As the saying goes, â€Å"money is the root of all evil,† it is not unusual to find engineers who are tempted by the amount of money that they are entrusted with; whether to fully utilize the money in the project or to fulfill their individual greed. Hence, engineers need to be truthful. The level of truthfulness in engineering is very high, much higher in everyday life. It imposes what many consider an absolute prohibition on deception, and in addition it establishes a high ideal of seeking and speaking the truth (Martin & Schinzinger, 2005). Being truthful keep the engineers away from corruption and cutting corner. One of many ways to prevent corruption and unethical practice of cutting corner in engineering field is the development of honest and ethical engineering culture by creating or increase awareness of ethical practice among engineers since large amount of money or projects are often being handled by engineers. This is important in a sense that engineers must aware of the types of corruption as well as the punishments and consequences for involving in corruption. Punishments such as retracting the title of engineer and blacklisting the particular individual in the Board of Engineers Malaysia (BEM) and more severe punishments such as imprisonment, confiscating of properties and summonses. When engineers aware of the punishments subjected, then corruption can be prevented. Besides, awareness among engineers towards corruption can be created by implementing subjects or courses concerning engineer’s ethical issues into engineering course in university. Students that vow to become an engineer must first be taught of the ways to become an ethical engineer. Furthermore, BEM can include seminars or talks about ethical issues into Continuous Professional Development (CPD) programs for local engineers. Seniors engineers are compulsory to participate to gain points in CDP. By doing so, senior engineers that left university for long could still be educated on ethical issues. Therefore, self-awareness is a long term strategy in curbing corruption and unethical practices. When corruption is involved, competitions are not fair anymore. People will find various methods to undercut competition. Instead of using a well-organized process for contracting based on technical criteria to judge bids and firms, it is decentralized and is subject to monopoly power plus discretion minus accountability. Some political appointees have the discretion to let contracts without competition or technical reviews. Therefore, tendering process must be more transparent and have strict control over project variation. Handling of tenders should be fair and just where the project should only be awarded to the bidder who offers lowest price on the project without ignoring the quality of materials and services as well as the customers’ requirements. Any conflict of interest or bribes should be notified by the engineer to the corresponding company during the process of evaluating all the offers made by the bidders in order to ensure an outcome of decision which are fair, just and also the best for the company. By doing so, the opportunity of the engineer to work together with the bidders in falsifying the receipts or offers to gain profit without alerting or the knowledge of the company can be decreased or at some point, being completely eliminated, to avoid putting the lives of workers, employees and publics at risk due to corruption. Advantage or authority given to the engineers must not be misused in unlawful deeds, engineers should report to their company for how they handle or use the given authority to complete the project in order to prevent falsification and exaggeration of the project funds. Corruption usually occurs because a certain individual or organization has too much power and authority. Engineers themselves should always alert toward orders they get from company or requirement from customers. Any conflicts of the order or requirement with the codes of ethics should be advised by the engineers to the customer or company. If the advice failed to change their mind, then the engineers have the responsibility to carried forth the case to corresponding authority. Besides, in order to eliminate the unnecessary power and authorities, the administration approval process should be optimized. A complete supervising system should be implemented to prevent any corruption and this supervising system should allow the officials to work without administrative interference at the same time protecting the innocent public. Besides, institution of regular and random checks is important to review the conduct of the officials involved in engineering, project or construction industry. These checks include detailed review of the entire procurement process on selected projects. It must be fair and done by an anti-corruption body. The checks should not single out any individual official or company. Consequently, officials are less likely to participate in corrupt conduct or deliberate maladministration as they cannot be confident that their conduct will not be detected by detailed scrutiny of supervisory officials. As a consequence of these random and regular reviews or checks, may be a pattern of misconduct can be identified at one or more specific stages during the construction process. Furthermore, hot lines or whistle-blowers protection is another measure in curbing corruption and unethical practices of cutting corners. Hot lines improve accountability by enlisting workers and public to report corrupt acts. The government office responsible for investigating such acts often operates a hot line. For example, in Hong Kong, the Independent Commission Against Corruption runs a hot line and guarantees that every allegation is investigated. It also protects those who make reports by granting file access to officers on a â€Å"need to know† basis only. However, in cases where anonymity cannot be guaranteed, those who protest corruption often place themselves at risk. In many countries, whistle blowers are often fired or punished, subjected to administrative harassment, and exposed to violence. For this reason, anti- corruption efforts need legislation to protect whistle blowers from official sanctions or even to reward them. Although whistle-blowing is not desirable in a company as it will affect the reputation of the company, but it is an essential way in combating corruption. With every engineer practicing whistle-blow, others will not even consider unethical practices such as corruption and cutting corners. Thus, effectively preventing misbehavior among engineers and subsequently safeguarding the good image of the engineering profession. Professional engineers should aware that it is important to conduct the duty assigned to them responsibly and professionally especially when it involves he confidential information about certain project because bribery and cutting corner can also occur in such way that the information is used by other company to compete in an unfair condition. The professional engineers will never disclose the confidential information of their client or companies to others in order to maintain their professionalism and they must also knows that the consequences of revealing those info rmation can be a great risk for themselves and companies, such act is punishable and will affects their reputation as an professional engineer. Furthermore, transparency of a project progress can reduces as well as avoids corruption to occur as the activities of the project are visible to all and the engineer can hardly alter it for cutting corner purpose. The transparency of a tender progress or engineering project can be made clear or enhanced by doing the publication of the procurement procedures. Procedures involved in the projects shall be clearly defined and stated so that the publications are understandable and clear to public, details such as stating how and where the supplies originated from shall be included. Through this step, the procedures made in the projects are transparent to the public and the chance for the engineers to corrupt would be greatly reduced. The publication can be made through media such as newspaper, internet, and magazine at which these media are easily reached by the public. According to the BEM code of ethics, a registered engineer shall conduct himself honorably, responsibly, ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honors, reputation and usefulness of the profession. This code should always be abided by the engineer and keep in mind that one should be avoiding from corruption, bribery and also cutting corner and have to be very well aware that these are the actions punishable by the Board of Engineers or court of law and also might risk the safety and health of the public. Every engineer should aware of their own responsibility toward the company, client and public which includes preserving the reputations of company and themselves. They should do everything lawfully to increase the reputations of their company and engineers. Reputation of an engineer is very important in order for them to be employed and keep their professions as an engineer. Engineers also should uphold their professionalism in order to honor and enhance their usefulness in the field. Failing to abide the codes might result in drop in reputation, being fired, the license of engineer being revoked or the worst is, might end up in jail. Based on the first principle of BEM Codes of ethics, a registered engineer holds paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public. The engineer should always make the public as his first priority because in the profession of engineering, the whole community is the ultimate client rather than the individual client. Corruption and cutting corner always put the safety of public at the edge of risk as the bidders always tend to make more profits from the project, hence they might altered the materials for the project to lower quality materials in order to save cost and this might lead to disastrous consequences such as collapse of buildings and dangerous behaviors of machines due to malfunction or system breakdown. Engineers have the responsibility to report to corresponding authority if their client or company failed to fulfill the instructions of the engineer that abide the code. Even though engineers have their own responsibility toward their client, but the first code of ethics erases this responsibility if their clients or company fail to follow what have been set by the engineers which did not against the codes of ethics. Failing to abide the first code might result in disciplinary action to be taken or the license as an engineer to be revoked because they put the lives of public in danger, even though at the end no harm or loss of life occur. The first code of ethics is also applicable to the case with other professions at which the general public’s safety is the main consideration to be made before others. In conclusion, engineers should always take consideration and action according to the codes of ethics. Any action that might lead to bribery, corruption or cutting corner should be avoided. Prevention methods for unethical practice have to be carried out by engineers and the importance of upholding the professionalism in engineering field has to be kept in mind in order to create an honorable, responsible, ethical and lawful profession. The impression or reputation of engineers can be improved through actual practice of the codes of ethics and avoiding corruptions. Engineers should always remind themselves that not only the project, reputation, and wealth are in their hands, but also the safety and life of public, therefore, it is important for them to make safety issues as the main priority of making consideration. In addition, the integrity of the country also can be improved through such practice as the corruptions, briberies, and cutting corners are reduced.

Love in Different Cultures of the World

Love in Different Cultures of the World Analysis of the Word In most cultures of the world, love is something that is highly cherished. As Anker (2004) notes, most of the world’s cultures lay a lot of emphasis on love. The culture from which this word was taken is not different. Swahili culture is found along the coast of Kenya and Tanzania, which are two neighboring countries in Africa. Penda has a very strong cultural sense and it raises emotions whenever it is mentioned. The word may not find its rightful meaning in English due to the meaning that is attached to it by this society. It is something that is almost worshipped, even though it is not always the case. It finds its closest meaning in the word love. The sentence ‘nakupenda kipenzi’ is a heavily loaded word. It is an expression of a deep passion, a strong sense of adoration and the need to be together always. In a normal English phrase, it would translate to ‘I love you my love’. Taken in its real context, it is beyond this Engli sh word. The love is close to worship.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Love in Different Cultures of the World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The society in which this word was taken value romance. They value relationships between couples. They generated other words to describe the feeling that two individuals would develop towards each other when in love and the best word that came out among the rest was penda. In pronunciation, the word should come out in a hushed up tone, with a sense of romance. Penda should be the right pronunciation. The first syllable should come out with a flat intonation, followed by a falling intonation just to bring emotions attached to the word. The love for romance saw them restrict the use of the word hence limiting its use to express the feelings between two lovers and one’s love for the country. Chomsky (1973) says that this society strongly believed that the word could only be used to show one is ready to sacrifice his or her life for the sake of that which he or she is expressing his or her feelings. The word penda was used selectively and in rare occasions. In fact, Gouran, Wiethoff and Doelger (1994) report that the society never tolerated people who misused the word. The word was meant for special occasions to express strong and genuine convictions towards certain people, one’s country or something of value. As Meyer and Bock (1992) note, in its original context, this word could only be used when talking about issues that the society in general valued. This meant that it could not be used in reference to things the society considered childish or of lesser value (Andriacco, 2001). Words such as ‘Sara anapenda doli’ (Sara loves dolls), would therefore lack meaning. This is because the society never valued this item and it was something that was associated with young children who were taken not to know what love really meant.Adver tising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This word was used to express the deepest feelings. Schutz (1958) lamented that English vocabulary is limited of words. As used in the sentence ‘Charles na Joan wanapendana’ (Charles and Joan are in love), this sentence expresses the strong bond built out of a strong feeling of the need to belong together. The sentence, Wale ni wapendanao (Those are lovers) has this emotional touch but from an observer’s standpoint. This is the same meaning of the sentence, ‘naipenda nchi yangu’ (I love my country). Patriotism was then a cherished virtue in the society. Patriots of war were generously rewarded for their contribution in protecting the society. In many societies, just like in this society, love for ones country was a virtue that was encouraged because it was only through this that an individual would be in a p osition to defend the country if need would arise (Zueschner, 1997). For that matter, the word has the correct traditional meaning. As time went by, this society started mingling with other societies. New things that never existed before came into existence. Words had to be developed to express the new feeling or name new objects (Stern, Weinrib, 1978). There was need to expand the meaning of existing words to accommodate the diversified culture due to interactivity of many cultures in this cosmopolitan region. The word had to take a relaxed meaning. It had to be used to express the feeling of liking. As Tannen (1990) notes, the word was diluted along the way. Sentences such as Alex anapenda Manchester United (Alex loves Manchester United FC), and Solomoni apenda kuzuru. (Solomoni loves tours and travels) gained acceptance. The society had to relax its meaning of this word (Trenholm, 1995). In the current society, the word has assumed quite a liberal meaning. Although it remains a single word expressing love or adoration in the best way possible, the word can now be used to express simple liking of things within the society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Love in Different Cultures of the World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The two sentences, Solomoni apenda kuzuru. (Solomoni loves tours and travels), Waamerika wanapenda amani (Americans love peace), and Napenda chai. (I love tea), reflect this. The sentences show a liking of an item but not to the point of adoration. References Andriacco, D. (2001). Screen saved: Peril and promise of media in ministry. Cincinnati, OH: Saint Anthony Messenger Press Franciscan Communications. Anker, R. M. (2004). Catching light: Looking for God in the movies. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. Chomsky, N. (1973). Focus on the learner. Rowley, Massachusetts: Newbury House Gouran, D., Wiethoff, G., Doelger, J. (1994). Mastering communication(2nd ed). Boston: Allyn an d Bacon. Meyer, A., Bock, K. (1992). The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon: Blocking or partial activation? Memory Cognition, 20(1), 715-726. Schutz, W. (1958). Firo: A three-dimensional theory of interpersonal behavior. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Stern, H., Weinrib, A. (1978). Language teaching and linguistics: Surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Tannen, D. (1990). You Just Don’t Understand: Women and Men in Conversation. New York: William Morrow. Trenholm, S. (1995). Thinking through communication: An Introduction to the study of human communication. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Zueschner, R. (1997). Communicating Today. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Maitai J. (2011). An ins in Sentence Nakupenda kipenzi. (I love you my love)  Source: Maitai J. (2011). An in-depth analysis of Swahili culture. Nairobi. McMillan Publishers Limited. (p. 25) Napenda chai. (I love tea)  Source: Maitai J. (2011). An in-depth analysis of Swahili culture. Nairobi. McMillan Publishers Limited. (p. 31) Charles na Joan wanapendana. (Charles and Joan are in love).  Source: Maitai J. (2011). An in-depth analysis of Swahili culture. Nairobi. McMillan Publishers Limited. (p. 21) Alex anapenda Manchester United. (Alex loves Manchest er United FC)  Source: Maitai J. (2011). An in-depth analysis of Swahili culture. Nairobi. McMillan Publishers Limited. (p. 45) Solomoni apenda kuzuru. (Solomoni loves tours and travels)  Source: Maitai J. (2011). An in-depth analysis of Swahili culture. Nairobi. McMillan Publishers Limited. (p. 78) Isaac anapenda siasa. (Isaac loves politics)  Source: Maitai J. (2011). An in-depth analysis of Swahili culture. Nairobi. McMillan Publishers Limited. (p. 23) Waamerika wanapenda amani. (Americans loves peace)  Source: Maitai J. (2011). An in-depth analysis of Swahili culture. Nairobi. McMillan Publishers Limited. (p. 78) Sara anapenda doli. (Sara loves dolls)  Source: Maitai J. (2011). An in-depth analysis of Swahili culture. Nairobi. McMillan Publishers Limited. (p. 19) Wale ni wapendanao. (Those are lovers)  Source: Maitai J. (2011). An in-depth analysis of Swahili culture. Nairobi. McMillan Publishers Limited. (p. 71) Naipeda nchi yangu. (I love my country)  Source: Maitai J. (2011). An in-depth analysis of Swahili culture. Nairobi. McMillan Publishers Limited. (p. 63)

Thermal Properties of Glass Transition

Thermal Properties of Glass Transition Fiber reinforced polymer composites are often used as structural components that are exposed to extremely high or low heats. These applications include: Automotive engine componentsAerospace and military productsElectronic and circuit board componentsOil and gas equipment The thermal performance of an FRP composite will be a direct result of the resin matrix and the curing process. Isophthalic, vinyl ester, and epoxy resins generally have very good thermal performance properties. While orthophthalic resins most often exhibit poor thermal performance properties. Additionally, the same resin can have vastly different properties, depending on the curing process, curing temperature, and time cured. For example, many epoxy resins require a post-cure to help reach the highest thermal performance characteristics. A post-cure is the method of adding temperature for a duration of time to a composite after the resin matrix has already cured through the thermosetting chemical reaction. A post cure can help align and organize the polymer molecules, further increasing structural and thermal properties. Tg - The Glass Transition Temperature FRP composites can be used in structural applications that require elevated temperatures, however, at higher temperatures, the composite can lose modulus properties. Meaning, the polymer can soften and become less stiff. The loss of modulus is gradual at lower temperatures, however, each polymer resin matrix will have a temperature that when reached, the composite will transition from a glassy state to a rubbery state. This transition is called the glass transition temperature or Tg. (Commonly referred to in conversation as T sub g). When designing a composite for a structural application, it is important to make sure the FRP composites Tg will be higher than the temperature it might ever be exposed to. Even in non-structural applications, the Tg is important as the composite can change cosmetically if the Tg is exceeded. Tg is most commonly measured using two different methods: DSC - Differential Scanning Calorimetry This is a chemical analysis which detects energy absorption. A polymer requires a certain amount of energy to transition states, much like water requires a certain temperature to transition to steam. DMA - Dynamic Mechanical Analysis This method physically measures stiffness as heat is applied, when a rapid decrease in modulus properties occurs, the Tg has been reached. Although both methods of testing the Tg of a polymer composite are accurate, it is important to use the same method when comparing one composite or polymer matrix to another. This reduces variables and provides a more accurate comparison.

Market Planning and Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Market Planning and Control - Essay Example In addition, marketers need to know any other information that would persuade customers such as health claims, celebrity and expert information. In marketing food products like sandwiches and soft drinks, the marketing strategy has a direct connection with the buying and eating habits. An example is about what the scientists say about eating high fibre foods and reducing cancer risk or eating foods with saturated fats and heart problems. Developing the format of a marketing plan is the first step in making a marketing strategy. The plan should include; the objective and business mission; situation Analysis; the aims of the marketing strategy; strategic and tactical procedures; the budget and means of analysing performance; and contingencies (Aitken 2004). The first step is to describe the challenge i.e. product to be marketed; in this case, the products are sandwiches, cold and hot drinks. Situation analyses include several aspects, competitor analysis, SWOT analysis, company analysis and customer analysis. The food industry in London is usually very efficient focussing on the customer requirements in terms of culture, taste and other aspects like scientific information about foods and eating habits. ... All these are obtained through market analysis of market share and position. As London develops even more, diversity and consciousness on food is also increasing, the city has many restaurants with many educated and middle class people adopting healthy eating (Aitken 2004). On the other hand, the poor are getting worse. Market Analysis Market analysis is very complex undertaking especially in the current society where people are more educated, health conscious and open minded. It is therefore very important to study all aspects that lead to purchase of food ranging from nutrition information buyer behaviour, price and event psychological aspects. The best place to find information is from the company's SWOT analysis where market segmentation can be determined by the way the buyer use the products, their requirements, pricing, and how to access them(Aitken 2004). In business it usually very hard to come up with a distinct marketing strategy however the best strategy should involve the use of a "Marketing mix" that addresses the 4 P's i.e. Price, Place, Product and Promotion. Making decision about the product should bear in mind the advantages and method of control. Quality is most important feature of any product and should not be compromised upon; other aspects would include branding, and packaging. Pricing is also a factor and when making the price tags, it may have to include discounts or offers to attract more customers. Fast foods in London market have a variety of delivery form hence distribution is not so difficult however sandwich and soft drinks business can opt for delivery services and takeaway services. (Aitken 2004) Nutritional information, culture and other scientific data play a very critical

Education Reforms - Key Factors Institution Should Consider When Explo Assignment

Education Reforms - Key Factors Institution Should Consider When Exploring a Change in Divisions - Assignment Example The third factor is ethnic and gender issues. The fourth factor is the financial influence. Other factors include knowing athletes at the university, ethnic/gender ratio at the university, knowing someone on the team, and the number of alumni in professional sports. These factors include the academic performance of the athlete, classroom attendance, and participation, presence of computer labs and library use. For an athlete to move from NCAA Division II to NCAA Division he or she must display a history of more than an average academic performance for a division I team to allow any student to join them. Chances are that a student who is an athlete and performs in class is more likely to get a chance to join a Division I institution. Academic also involve the use of both the library and computer lab. A student who has some knowledge of how to operate computers is also considered because of digital technology being used in the sports industry (Hawkins, 2010). These factors influence the sociological aspect of students who are sportspeople to move from Division II to Division I. Higher education institution must consider the social environment at the university, social atmosphere of the team, campus and the personality of the coach. Social environment includes all the factors that relate to students interacting with other students, team unity and discipline of the student (Einhorn & Rapoport, 2005). A disciplined student is able to differentiate wrong from wright and at the same time advises the colleagues positively both academic wise and in sports. The personality of the coach is also considered. A good example is how public schools use sports to socialize and demonstrate the significance of the schools to the community (Guthrie, 2003). Higher education institution must consider the extent to which the media displays the team. A good team is that which has few media scandals relating to its players.  Ã‚